Basilica of Saint Mary Major (Pontevedra) explained

Building Name:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
Native Name:Basílica de Santa María a Maior de Pontevedra
Location:Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
Geo:42.4338°N -8.6475°W
Religious Affiliation:Catholic
Heritage Designation:1931
Architecture:yes
Architecture Type:Basilica
Architecture Style:Gothic, Renaissance
Facade Direction:West
Year Completed:1559
Specifications:yes
Designation1:Spanish Property of Cultural Interest
Designation1 Offname:Basílica de Santa María la Mayor
Designation1 Date:3 June 1931
Designation2 Number:(R.I.) - 51 - 0000828 - 00000

The Basilica of Saint Mary Major (Galician: Basílica de Santa María a Maior de Pontevedra; Spanish; Castilian: Santa María la Mayor) in Pontevedra, Spain, is a catholic church, dating from the 16th century, and consecrated as a basilica on January 10, 1962, by decree of Pope John XXIII. It is currently considered a BIC (Good of Cultural Interest in Spain, with the identification number RI-51-0000828).[1] It was declared a historic-artistic monument belonging to the National Artistic Treasure by decree of 3 June 1931.[2] [3]

History

The basilica of Santa Maria is considered Pontevedra's main church, functioning as a cathedral. It is located in the old town of Pontevedra, in the Alonso de Fonseca square, right in the same place where a small Romanesque church used to stand, which was demolished in the 15th century.[1] Its construction was commissioned by the Guild of Seamen, the oldest civil entity in Pontevedra and the oldest sea guild in Spain. It was built following the plans of Juan de los Cuetos and Diego Gil, among others (Cornielis de Holanda, Mateo López, Sebastián Barros, Domingo Fernándes and Juan Noble).[4]

Description

It is a Gothic style building, with influences from the Portuguese Manueline style.[1] Externally, its façades stand out. The main one, facing west, presents a wide staircase to access it. The structure is in the form of an altarpiece, with three abundantly decorated bodies (following the Plateresque style), the work of the masters Cornielles de Holanda[5] and Juan Noble, and dated 1541.[6] The door is in the central body and has a half-point arch framed by sculptures of St Peter and St Paul. In the upper part of the doorway a relief of the Dormition of Mary can be seen;[7] and above the decoration in base to medallions in the shape of scallop shells, as well as sculptures of saints, biblical and even historical characters; and, even larger, a rose window (responsible for the lighting of the interior space), symbolising heaven. The façade is crowned by a calvary and the typical stonework of Portuguese Manueline style. Among the figures of the saints that appear in the decoration of this façade, the busts of Christopher Columbus[8] and Hernán Cortés can be seen, which are situated to the sides of the rose window.

It also presents a façade on the south side of the building, with a half-point arch. It also presents a Manueline stonework crowning the walls and the apse of the temple, which presents a large decorated window in the Manueline style.[1]

Regarding the interior, the church presents a basilical plan with three aisles (the central one with a Renaissance style predominance, while the other two, like the chapels, are influenced by the late Gothic style) and side chapels.[1]

The basilica has multiple chapels:[9] The larger chapel, the chapel of Christ, the chapel of the Angustias, the chapel of the Purísima, the chapel of the Trinity or the altar of the Sorrowful Virgin.

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2012. Basílica de Santa María la Mayor (Pontevedra). Arte Viaje. spanish.
  2. Web site: La Xunta inicia la restauración de la Basílica de Santa María. Diario de Pontevedra. es. 13 November 2020.
  3. Web site: 9 August 2021. La provincia de Pontevedra destaca por sus BICs. Diario de Pontevedra. es.
  4. Web site: La xunta adjudica trabajos de restauración y conservación en santa maría a maior de pontevedra por más de 275.000 euros. Xunta de Galicia. es. 26 June 2020.
  5. Web site: Cornelis de Holanda, el escultor de Santa María. Diario de Pontevedra. es. 2 May 2021.
  6. Web site: «La teoría del Colón pontevedrés carece de respaldo documental». La Voz de Galicia. es. 8 May 2010.
  7. Web site: La Xunta inicia la restauración de la Basílica de Santa María. Diario de Pontevedra. es. 13 November 2020.
  8. Web site: Traspunte. Cristóbal Colón gallego, potencial turístico para Pontevedra. Pontevedra Viva. es. 11 October 2020.
  9. Web site: La xunta adjudica trabajos de restauración y conservación en santa maría a maior de pontevedra por más de 275.000 euros. Xunta de Galicia. es. 26 June 2020.