Volodymyr Viatrovych Explained

Volodymyr Viatrovych
Native Name Lang:uk
Birth Date:7 July 1977
Birth Place:Lviv, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR
Office:People's Deputy of Ukraine
Term Start:3 December 2019
Office1:Head of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance
Term Start1:25 March 2014
Term End1:18 September 2019
Predecessor1:Valeriy Soldatenko
Successor1:Anton Drobovych
Occupation:Historian
Party:European Solidarity

Volodymyr Mykhailovych Viatrovych (Ukrainian: Володи́мир Михайлович В'ятро́вич; born 7 July 1977) is a Ukrainian historian, civic activist and politician.

Viatrovych was the Director of the Center for Research of Liberation Movement in 2002–2010. Viatrovych is a member of the board of trustees of the National Museum-Memorial of Victims of the Occupation Regimes "Loncky street Prison"" Museum.[1] From 2008 to 2010, he was director of the Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine.[2] In 2010-2011 he was senior visiting scholar at the Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University, working in particular with the archival documents of Mykola Lebed. He was Director of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance since 25 March 2014 until September 2019. As a historian, Viatrovych was criticized for whitewashing crimes by Ukrainian nationalists[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] and whitewashing crimes and collaboration of SS Galizien and OUN with Nazi Germany. He was dismissed from his post in September 2019, with Anton Drobovych succeeding him. In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Viatrovych was number 25 on the election list of European Solidarity. Since 3 December 2019, he is a member of the Ukrainian parliament.

Biography and academic career (1994–present)

From 1994 to 1999 Viatrovych was a student at the history faculty of Lviv University (West Ukraine) where he specialised in Ukrainian history. In 2004 he defended his doctoral thesis: “UPA raids beyond Ukrainian borders as part of the creation of an anti-totalitarian national-democratic revolution among the nations of East-Central Europe”. (He had already issued a book on the subject in 2001.)

From November 2002 to March 2008 Viatrovych was director of the Centre for the Study of the Liberation Movement, based in Lviv. In 2005 and 2006 he lectured at the Ukrainian Catholic University. During that time he drew up the first course in Ukrainian higher education on “The Ukrainian Liberation Movement from the 1920s to 1950s” for students of the historical faculties of the Catholic University and the Ivan Franko Lviv University.

From August 2005 to December 2007 Viatrovych was a research associate at the I. Kripyakevich Institute for Ukrainian Studies at the National Academy of Sciences in Kyiv.

In 2010-2011 he worked in the US at the Ukraine Research Institute at Harvard University.

Viatrovych subsequently became director of the Center for the History of State-Building in Ukraine at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.[8]

National Remembrance (2007–2019)

Between May 2007 and January 2008, Viatrovych was a representative of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance for Lviv Oblast.

In 2008 he served as research consultant to the international project, “Ukraine Remembers, the World Acknowledges” which aimed to popularise the subject of the Holodomor, the 1932-3 famine in Ukraine, and, through international lobbying, to gain world recognition that this was an act of genocide. From January to October 2008 Viatrovych was head of the archives department at Ukraine's Institute of National Remembrance.

From October 2008 to March 2010 Viatrovych was adviser on research to Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, the head of the SBU or Security Service of Ukraine (2006-2010). Viatrovych was a moving force behind the idea of putting Stalin and other Soviet leaders of the time on trial for genocide for their part in the Holodomor. They were found guilty in January 2010 by the Court of Appeal in Kyiv.[9]

Viatrovych has been a trustee of the Lontsky Prison National Museum-Memorial to the Victims of Occupation Regimes (Nazi and Soviet) in Lviv, since it was set up and opened to the public in 2009. From March 2008 onwards he has chaired the research council of the Centre for the Study of the Liberation Movement (Lviv).

On 25 March 2014 Viatrovych was appointed Director of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance by the First Yatsenyuk Government.[8] In September 2019 the Honcharuk Government dismissed Viatrovych from the position of the Director.[10] [11]

According to the Jewish Policy Center, in 2017 Viatrovych described the Ukrainian Nazi collaborator Roman Shukhevych as an "eminent personality" and defended the legality of the public display of the symbol of the Galician SS division.[12]

Political activism (2004, 2013–2015)

When the Orange Revolution took place in 2004 Viatrovych took an active part, supposedly as a leader of the PORA ("It's Time!") youth movement.

During the Euromaidan protests in 2013 Viatrovych called for active measures against the authorities.[13] He coordinated mass demonstrations and led a column of activists to block the government buildings and the parliament (Verkhovna Rada).

Speaking of the rotation of Euromaidan activists he recalled the activities of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army or UPA: “In the 1940s and 1950s conditions in the underground were worse: people did not leave temporarily to go back to work, but because a comrade had gone forever. That is why we shall succeed!” He also commented: “We do not intend to halt after the regime has changed in Ukraine, when we have got rid of the rule of Yanukovych.”[14]

In May 2015 President Petro Poroshenko approved four laws concerning Decommunization in Ukraine. Volodymyr Viatrovych was involved in the drafting of two of these laws. The criminal sentences imposed by these acts and their phrasing came in for criticism within the country and abroad. The law "On access to the archives of repressive bodies of the communist totalitarian regime from 1917-1991" placed the state archives concerning repression during the Soviet period under the jurisdiction of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance, then headed by Volodymyr Viatrovych.[15]

2019 election to parliament

In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Viatrovych was number 25 on the election list of European Solidarity.[16] Only the first 23 candidates were elected.[17] But after Iryna Lutsenko gave up her mandate Viatrovych did replace her and he was sworn in as People's Deputy of Ukraine on 3 December 2019.[18] [19] Number 24 of the election list European Solidarity, Nataliya Boyko, waived her right to enter parliament in favour of Viatrovych.[18] [20]

In the 2020 Ukrainian local elections, Viatrovych ran for the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Council as the first number on the list of European Solidarity.[16] He did not take up his won seat.[21]

Decorations and awards

Viatrovych as historian (2002–2012)

The first Volodymyr Viatrovych's book about the rallies of Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) in Czechoslovakia was written based on his PhD thesis. It was devoted to a little explored area, and that this work has been appreciated and probably resulted in Viatrovich's appointment a director of TsDVR (Centre for the Study of the Liberation Movement).

Army of the Immortals (2002)

His third book Army of the Immortals (2002) was discussed some years later on the Polit.ru website by Professor Alexei I. Miller of the Central European University in Budapest and Ukrainian historian Georgy Kasyanov from the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. In Miller's view the book was essentially glorification of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Many historical sources were disregarded in the book's writing, says Miller, and falsified stories were cited. Viatrovych preferred to ignore all criticism of the Army of the Immortals that originated within the academic community, says Miller.[24]

In 2013 similar concerns about discussion of the past, the role and influence of Volodymyr Viatrovych, and the impact of divergent views on the present were raised in a discussion following a Columbia University workshop on “Russian and Ukrainian Nationalism: Entangled Histories”[25] [26]

OUN Attitudes Towards the Jews (2006)

This book provides a one-sided view on the OUN's attitude towards Jews.[27] The book portrays the Ukrainian nationalists and UPA as a "national liberation" movement and deny any accusations in their collaboration with Nazi Germany and involvement in the Holocaust. In his book Viatrovich presents only one critical article on OUN's anti-semitism, with the only purpose to immediately dismiss it. John-Paul Himka and Taras Kurylo describe Viatrovich's methodology as follows:

Other authors agree that this book is an attempt to deny the crimes of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) on Jews and to dismiss the allegations of its anti-Semitism.[28] [29] In the opinion of Kurylo and Himka, this work does less to understanding history, but does much to distort it, however it contains an interesting material and forms the basis for further discussions on the relationship of the OUN and UPA to Jews.[30]

As an example of alleged collaboration of Jews with UPA and as an evidence of the Ukrainian nationalist forces' lack of anti-semitism, Viatrovych mentions Leiba Dubrovskii, an alleged Jewish member of UPA and genuine Ukrainian nationalist. However, in reality Dubrovskii was a Soviet POW who concealed his ethnicity when was captured by Germans. He never disclosed his real ethnicity to UPA members and was no enthusiastic supporter of Ukrainian nationalism.[31]

The Second Polish-Ukrainian War (2011)

In this book, Viatrovych portrays the Volhynia massacres as mutual bloodletting as a result of civil war rather than a coordinated campaign of ethnic cleansing by Ukrainian nationalists against Poles.[32] In attempts to exonerate Ukrainian nationalists, Viatrovich presents the UPA's massacre of Polish civilians as a part of a military conflict, i.e. as a war between Poles and Ukrainians, which he calls The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, thereby implying that the events he describes were a continuation of the Polish-Ukrainian war (1918–19). Viatrovych tries to prove that there was no order of OUN's leadership for the extermination of the Polish minority, and the Volynia massacre was just a spontaneous rebellion of Ukrainian peasants provoked by the Poles."The Second Polish-Ukrainian war" was met in West Ukraine with uncritical enthusiasm.[33] [34]

Most scholarly reviews of the book were highly critical, criticizing Viatrovych for whitewashing well-known Ukrainian nationalist crimes. The only exception to this pattern was Alexander J. Motyl.[32] Ivan Katchanovski (University of Ottawa) states that the aim of Viatrovych in disseminating his narrative was to "restore Bandera's good name" mostly in the mass media and in non-academic or unscholarly publications. In the opinion of Hryciuk, the version of events presented in the book was factually untrue.[35] Other reviews published in scholarly media by Per Anders Rudling,[36] Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, Andrzej Leon Sowa[37] Ihor Ilyushyn,[38] Andrii Portnov,[39] Grzegorz Motyka,[40] [41] Andrzej Zięba,[42] were also negative.

According to Motyka, although the book's sections devoted to the SS-Galizien Division and the fate of the Ukrainian population in Poland in the years 1945-1947 are of some value,[43] the book as a whole is an unsuccessful work.[43] This view is shared by Anjrzej Sowa.[44] Andrzej Leon Sowa[45] In his review, Jared McBride noted the sharp contrast between good quality publications about Ukrainian nationalism published by Western scholars and Viatrovich's The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, which he characterised as "a myopic, poorly researched apology for Ukrainian nationalist violence."[32]

Per Anders Rudling states that the monograph lacks any scholarly value, and would recommend The Second Polish-Ukrainian war only as a primary source for studying far-right historical negationism. He also stated that the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, which supported Viatrovich's work with Lebed's archives, "have good reason to ponder the implication of associating Harvard University with this sort of activism".

Viatrovych as a public figure

In May 2016 in Foreign Policy Josh Cohen claimed that Viatrovych was "whitewashing Ukraine's past".[46] In a reply published some weeks later Viatrovych assured Cohen and readers of Foreign Policy that Ukraine's history "was in good hands".[47]

Viatrovych is responsible for an exhumation ban in Ukraine.[48] [49]

Publications

According to Andreas Umland, "Viatrovych did not have then and apparently still does not have any relevant peer-reviewed academic publications".

Monographs

Collective works

Literature

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://upa.in.ua/book/?page_id=5 Biographical note in The Ukrainian Insurgent Army 2008 (in Ukrainian).
  2. Katchanovski . Ivan . 2015 . Terrorists or national heroes? Politics and perceptions of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine . Communist and Post-Communist Studies . 48 . 2/3 . 217–228 . 0967-067X.
  3. Rossoliński-Liebe . Grzegorz . 2012 . Debating, obfuscating and disciplining the Holocaust: post-Soviet historical discourses on the OUN–UPA and other nationalist movements . East European Jewish Affairs . 42 . 3 . 207-208 . Taylor & Francis.
  4. Web site: Cohen . Josh . 2 May 2016 . The Historian Whitewashing Ukraine's Past . .
  5. News: McBride . Jared . 2015-08-13 . How Ukraine’s New Memory Commissar Is Controlling the Nation’s Past . en-US . . 0027-8378.
  6. Web site: Public Letter on Ukrainian Holocaust Revisionist Participation in 9-11 March 2017 Paris Conference. defendinghistory.com. 9 March 2017. 2019-02-23.
  7. Web site: Umland . Andreas . Andreas Umland . 2017-03-07 . The Ukrainian government's Memory Institute against the West . . en-GB.
  8. Web site: "The New Director of the Ukrainian National Memory Institute says that Historical Memory Policy is a Safeguard Against Repeating the Crimes of the Past", Center for the Study of the Liberation Movement (website), 23 March 2014. . 21 September 2015 . 25 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151025030716/http://www.cdvr.org.ua/content/new-director-ukrainian-national-memory-institute-historical-memory-policy-safeguard-against-repeating-crimes-past . dead .
  9. Web site: Appeal Court condemns Stalin and other leaders over Holodomor . khpg.org . 6 June 2024.
  10. Web site: Drobovych appointed as chairman of Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance. Ukrinform. December 4, 2019. December 4, 2019.
  11. https://www.thejc.com/news/world/ukraine-volodymyr-viatrovych-zelensky-fires-historian-criticised-rehabilitating-wartime-nationalists-1.488880 "Ukraine fires historian criticised for rehabilitating wartime nationalists idolised by the far right"
  12. Web site: Ukraine Holds Anti-Semitic Festival. jewishpolicycenter.org. 27 June 2017 .
  13. http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2013/12/23/7008042/ Mariana Petsukh, "Volodymyr Vyatrovich: 'We are obliged to leave the Maidan as an organised force'," Evropeiska Pravda website, 23 December 2013 (in Ukrainian).
  14. http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2013/12/23/7008042/ Mariana Petsukh, "Volodymyr Viatrovych: 'We are obliged to leave the Maidan as an organised force'," Evropeiska Pravda website, 23 December 2013 (in Ukrainian).
  15. http://khpg.org/en/index.php?id=1462928536 Halya Coynash, "'Decommunization' in Ukraine Carried Out Using Communist Methods", Human Rights in Ukraine website, 9 June 2016.
  16. Electoral history and small biography of Volodymyr Viatrovych, Civil movement "Chesno"
  17. News: Kasianov . Hrihoriy . Без декоммунизации и УПА. Что принесет смена главы Украинского института национальной памяти . carnegie.ru . 4 October 2019 . ru.
  18. Instead of Lutsenko, Vyatrovich comes to the Rada, Ukrainska Pravda (12 November 2019)
    The Central Election Commission has let Vyatrovich to Rada, Ukrainska Pravda (14 November 2019)
  19. Web site: 3 December 2019 . Вятрович принял присягу нардепа и вошел во фракцию "Евросолидарности" . . ru.
  20. Euro Solidarity candidate explains why she "missed" Vyatrovich in Parliament, Ukrainska Pravda (13 November 2019)
  21. https://orada.if.ua/en/deputies-2/ Deputies
  22. http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=1100/2009 President of Ukraine Decree No. 1100/2009 «Про відзначення державними нагородами України»
  23. http://www.unian.ua/society/595077-premiyu-im-stusa-otrimali-pravozahisnik-istorik-i-poetesa.html "The Vasyl Stus prize has gone to a rights activist, a historian and a poet", UNIAN news agency.
  24. Web site: Россия-Украина: как пишется история / Ukraine-Russia: How history is being written. Miller. Alexey. Georgy . Kasianov. polit.ru website. 2 April 2009. ru. 12 May 2016.
  25. http://www.taraskuzio.net/Files/Kuzio_Columbia.pdf Taras Kuzio, "This is not how Ukrainian history should be debated", The Ukrainian Weekly, 19 May 2013.
  26. https://ukraineanalysis.wordpress.com/2013/06/03/limits-of-tolerance/ Discussion of David Marples, "The Limits of Tolerance", Current Politics in Ukraine website; contribution by Halya Coynash, 3 June 2013.
  27. Taras Kuryło, John-Paul Himka, “Iak OUN stavylasia do ievreiv? Rozdumy nad knyzhkoiu Volodymyra Viatrovycha”, Ukraina Moderna 13 (2008), pp.252-265 https://ualberta.academia.edu/JohnPaulHimka/Papers/492247/Iak_OUN_stavylasia_do_ievreiv_Rozdumy_nad_knyzhkoiu_Volodymyra_V_iatrovycha
  28. [Per Anders Rudling|Per A. Rudling]
  29. Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, "Debating, obfuscating and disciplining the Holocaust: post-Soviet historical discourses on the OUN–UPA and other nationalist movements", East European Jewish Affairs, 42:3, pp. 207-208
  30. Taras Kuryło, John-Paul Himka, “Iak OUN stavylasia do ievreiv?..., p.264
  31. News: Ukraine's Invented a 'Jewish-Ukrainian Nationalist' to Whitewash Its Nazi-era Past. Haaretz.
  32. McBride . Jared . 2016 . Who's Afraid of Ukrainian Nationalism? . . 17 . 3 . 647–663 . 10.1353/kri.2016.0039 . 159764382.
  33. Portnov (2012), p. 326.Abstract.
  34. Андрей Портнов, "Истории для домашнего употребления", p. 326
  35. Grzegorz Hryciuk, "Recenzja książki: Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz, Druha polśko-ukrajinśka wijna 1942-1947", [in:] Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość, nr 21, pp. 460-471 - "A review of Viatrovych, The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, 1942-1947", in Memory and Justice (in Polish).http://www.zbrodniawolynska.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/3606/PIS-21-460-471.pdf
  36. Per Anders Rudling, "Warfare or War Criminality?: Volodymyr V’iatrovych, Druha pol's’ko-ukains’ka viina, 1942–1947 (Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Kyevo-Mohylians’ka akademiia, 2011). 228 pp.",Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp. 356-381.
  37. Andrzej Leon Sowa, "Recenzja książek: Polśko-ukrajinśki stosunki w 1942-1947 rokach u dokumentach OUN ta UPA, red. Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz oraz Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz, Druha polśko-ukrajinśka wijna 1942-1947," [in:] Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość, nr 21, pp. 450-460 - "A review of Polish-Ukrainian Relations in 1942-1947 (ed. Viatrovych) and The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, 1942-1947", in Memory and Justice (in Polish) http://www.zbrodniawolynska.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/3605/PIS-21-450-460.pdf
  38. Игорь Ильюшин, Плохо забытое старое: о новой книге Владимира Вятровича, Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp.382-385
  39. Андрей Портнов, "Истории для домашнего употребления", Ab Imperio 3/12, p.324-334
  40. Гжегож Мотыка, Неудачная книга, Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp.387-400.
  41. Grzegorz Motyka, W krainie uproszczeń, Nowa Europa Wschodnia 1/2013, pp. 97-101 Ukrainian online version
  42. Анджей Земба, Мифологизированная “война”, Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp. 403-421
  43. Гжегож Мотыка. Неудачная книга Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp. 387-402 (Review) DOI:https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2012.0008 For additional information about this article: https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2012.0008
  44. Andrzej Leon Sowa, recenzja książek..., p.459
  45. Andrzej Leon Sowa, recenzja książek: Polśko-ukrajinśki stosunki w 1942-1947 rokach u dokumentach OUN ta UPA, red. Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz oraz Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz, Druha polśko-ukrajinśka wijna 1942-1947, [in:] „Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość”, nr 21, pp. 450-460. http://www.zbrodniawolynska.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/3605/PIS-21-450-460.pdf
  46. Web site: Cohen . Josh . 2024-01-12 . The Historian Whitewashing Ukraine’s Past . . en-US.
  47. Web site: Viatrovych . Volodymyr . 2024-01-12 . Ukraine’s History Is in Good Hands . Foreign Policy . en-US.
  48. Web site: 13 November 2017 . Ban on exhumation for Polish side could be lifted if it agrees to restore Ukrainian monuments - Viatrovych . . en.
  49. Web site: Szoszyn . Rusłan . 26 October 2017 . Polskie ekshumacje wciąż zakazane . . pl.