Urban rail transit in India explained

Urban rail transit in India plays an important role in intracity transportation in the major cities which are highly populated. It consists of rapid transit, suburban rail, monorail, and tram systems.

According to a report published in 2021, a total of 2.63 billion people traveled annually in metro systems across India's fifteen major cities, placing the country as one of the busiest urban rapid transit hubs in the world in terms of commuters. As of 2024, the cumulative length of 945lk=onNaNlk=on of seventeen metro systems in India makes it the third longest in operation in the world.[1]

The Ministry of Urban Development's Urban Transport wing is the nodal division for coordination, appraisal, and approval of Urban Transport matters including Metro Rail Projects at the central level. All the interventions in urban transport by the Ministry of Urban Development are carried out as per the provisions of the National Urban Transport Policy, 2006.[2]

The Delhi Meerut RRTS is the fastest Urban Transit system in India currently that can run at a speed of 160 kmph with average operational speed of 100 kmph.

Terminology

Indian cities have various types of urban transit systems operational, under construction and planned. These systems are being implemented based on the population of a city, financial feasibility and demand.

Urban transit typeCapacitySpeedFrequency of stations / stopsLocaleRight of wayRail basedCost to build and operate
Metro
Light rail
Monorail
Tram
Bus Rapid Transit
Metro Neo
Water Metro
Note: Suburban rail in India utilises the broad gauge network of Indian Railways and mostly shares the network and infrastructure with the rest of Indian Railway services.
Note: Light Rail systems are mostly fenced and can be built with complete right of way if preferred so.

The rapid transit or popularly known as metro in India, is an urban high-capacity rail system, commonly operated in metropolitan cities. These systems are segregated from Indian Railways and have their right-of-way.

Suburban rail or popularly known as local train system in India, is an urban rail transit system where the suburbs are connected to the city's centre. These systems are linked to and operated by Indian Railways. Example: Mumbai Suburban Railway

It is a rapid transit (metro) system which has a capacity higher than light rail but lower than rapid transit system to serve a medium demand. It is built considering the future rise in demand, so that it can be converted into a regular metro. Example: Rapid Metro Gurgaon

Light rail which is also known as Metro Lite is used in cities that have low demand. It is a combination of rapid transit and tram systems. It has a higher capacity and speed compared to tram services and has dedicated tracks that are mostly fenced. Example: Srinagar Metro

This system has trains running on a single rail/beam. It has found its application in medium capacity transport, but due to low efficiency and high costs, it has been sidelined in India. Example: Mumbai Monorail

This system is operated either between two similarly sized cities, which are close to each other or between an urban city and smaller cities lying nearby. Example: Delhi–Meerut RRTS

These systems are one of the oldest modes of urban transport in India. They are low capacity, slow-moving trains which run on tracks that are embedded in the urban streets. Example: Kolkata Tram

Non-rail based urban transit

History

Early history

The first-ever mode of the urban rail transit system in India was commuter rail (or suburban rail), built in Mumbai on 16 April 1853. The first passenger train was flagged off from Bori Bunder (present-day Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai) from where it travelled to Thane, covering a distance of 34 km in an hour and fifteen minutes. This made it the Asia's first suburban railway.[3] At the turn of the 20th century, tram systems began to sprawl across the four major cities of India, viz. Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai, and helped local population to meet their intracity transportation needs. Horse-drawn tram was first introduced in Kolkata in 1873 and the electric trams began to operate in Chennai in 1895, later the cities of Mumbai, Kanpur, and Delhi saw trams being introduced. These services were discontinued in all Indian cities between 1933 and 1964, except for Kolkata where they operate on streets to the present day as heritage.[4]

Metro and mass rapid transit

In September 1919, during a session of the Imperial Legislative Council at Shimla, a committee was set up by W. E. Crum that recommended a metro line for Kolkata.[5] The next proposal for a metro system was mooted by government of West Bengal in 1949-50 and a survey was conducted by French experts. However, the proposal could not be brought into the effect and India had to wait for its first metro service. It was twenty three years later when the foundation stone was laid in Kolkata in 1972 to commence the construction of the ambitious metro system. On 24 October 1984, India saw its first metro system operational in Kolkata. After several struggles and bureaucratic hurdles, a stretch of 3.4 km was opened with five stations on the line.[6] On 1 November 1995, the Chennai MRTS began its operations, becoming the first elevated railway line in India and also the country's longest elevated mass rapid transit corridor spanning 17 km.[7] [8]

The first concept of an urban rapid transit system in Delhi came out during 1969,[9] when a traffic and travel characteristics study was conducted. The bus systems which catered the public transportation in the city soon began to run out of capacity and the traffic was on the rise, this soon became a growing concern. The concepts for an urban transit system were considered as the need for the country's capital. After planning, a proposal was made in 1984, which revealed plans for constructing three underground corridors and augmentation of the existing suburban rail system. The construction began on 1 October 1998 and the first line was operational on 24 December 2002.[10] With 348.12km (216.31miles), the Delhi Metro went on to be the longest and by far the busiest metro system in India, which also served as a role model to other Indian cities.[11]

Monorails and their replacement

While the political capital of India was expanding on its success by constructing new metro lines, suburban railways remained as the dominant mode of transport in the financial capital, Mumbai. According to Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) the city bus services operating in narrow and crowded areas of the city were slow-moving and caused traffic congestion hence a rapid transit system was necessary. Since the city already had planned metro services and since the suburban railways also connected major parts of the city, a feeder system to these services was proposed in the form of Monorail.[12] After the construction was completed, On 1 February 2014, Mumbai Monorail became the first of its kind in India.[13] [14]

In the early 2010s, many cities had conceived the plan to build monorails as the major urban transportation solution to their cities. However, Mumbai's monorail soon began to reveal the underlying problems of a monorail system.[15] The issues such as low ridership, inefficient track maintenance (accessibility of the tracks during maintenance as well as the time taken to repair the tracks), train slowing down at the switches and for the fact that the monorail tracks had to be entirely elevated with a dedicated depot and set of rolling stocks, raised the concerns on feasibility, cost of construction and operation of the new lines significantly. For the similar reasons, almost all of the monorail systems around the world are seen in amusement parks or similar theme parks instead as a solution to the urban public transportation.[16] A traditional light rail system soon emerged as the efficient mode but with cheaper cost and greater capacity than what monorail offered. As a result, many Indian cities replaced their monorail projects with either a regular metro or a light rail system.[17]

Rapid transit

There are currently 17 operational rapid transit (Officially and popularly known as 'Metro') systems in seventeen cities across India, with Delhi Metro being the largest.[18] As of July 2024, India has 945lk=onNaNlk=on of operational metro lines in 17 cities.[19] [20] India's metro network is the third longest in the world, behind China and USA. A further 779.27 km of lines are under construction.

Apart from the Kolkata Metro (which has its own zone under Indian Railways),[21] these rapid transit metro lines are not operated by Indian Railways, but a separate set of local authorities. In addition to their metro systems, the cities of Chennai and Hyderabad have mass transit systems operated by the Indian Railways, known as the Chennai MRTS and the Hyderabad MMTS, respectively. The first rapid transit system in India is the Kolkata Metro, which started operations in 1984. Kolkata Metro also currently has the only underwater metro line in the country. The Delhi Metro has the largest network in the entire country.[22]

Implementation

In 2006, the National Urban Transport Policy had proposed the construction of a metro rail system in every city with a population of at least 20 lakh (2 million) people.[23] [24]

From 2002 to 2014, the Indian metro infrastructure expanded by 248 km.[1]

Later on 11 August 2014, Union Government had announced that it would provide financial assistance for the implementation of a metro rail system to all Indian cities having a population of more than 1 million.[25] [26] In May 2015, the Union Government approved the Union Urban Development Ministry's proposal to implement metro rail systems in 50 cities, with the majority of the planned projects were to be implemented through special purpose vehicles, which will be established as 50:50 joint ventures between the Union and respective State Government. The Union Government would invest an estimated .[27] [28]

In a new draft policy unveiled in March 2017, the Central Government stated that it wanted state governments to consider metro rail as the "last option" and implement it only after considering all other possible mass rapid transit systems. The decision was taken due to the high cost of constructing metro rail systems.[29] In August 2017, the Union Government announced that it would not provide financial assistance to the new metro rail project unless some sort of private partnership is involved.[30] [31] [32]

List of systems

SystemLocaleLines OperationalStationsLengthOperator(s)OpenedAnnual Ridership (in millions)
OperationalUnder ConstructionPlannedOP+U/COP+U/C+Planned
1Delhi NCR10[33] 231[34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] DMRC24 December 2002[40] 2032.3 (2023)[41]
2Bengaluru266[42] [43] [44] [45] [46] BMRCL20 October 2011[47] 232.8 (2024)[48]
3Hyderabad357[49] HMRL29 November 2017[50] 162.06 (2023)[51] [52]
4Kolkata450[53] [54] MRK
KMRC
24 October 1984[55] 192.5 (2024)[56]
5Chennai242[57] [58] CMRL29 June 2015[59] 110.1 (2023)[60]
6Mumbai345[61] [62] [63] MMOPL
MMMOCLMMRC
8 June 2014[64] 273.75 (2024)[65] [66] [67]
7Ahmedabad MetroAhmedabad23138.63abbr=onNaNabbr=on[68] 4 March 2019[69] [70] 29.35 (2023)[71] [72]
8Nagpur2[73] [74] MahaMetro8 March 2019[75] 27.38 (2023)[76] [77]
9Pune220[78] [79] MahaMetro6 March 2022[80] 14.66 (2023)[81] [82]
10Noida121DMRC25 January 2019[83] 16.7 (2023) [84]
11Kochi125[85] KMRL17 June 2017[86] 31.17 (2023)[87]
12Lucknow121[88] UPMRC5 September 2017[89] 26.82 (2023)[90] [91]
13Rapid Metro GurgaonNCR111DMRC14 November 2013[92] 14.6 (2023)[93] [94]
14Jaipur1[95] 11[96] [97] JMRC3 June 201518.12 (2023)[98]
15MMR11111.10 km (6.90 mi)[99] 86.2 km [100] (7.6 mi) CIDCO17 November 20230.935 (2024)[101] [102]
16Kanpur19[103] UPMRC28 December 2021
17Agra16[104] [105] 15.40 km (9.56 mi)UPMRC6 March 2024
Total1738715945km (587miles)1,289.069 km (799.083 mi)1617.64km (1,005.15miles)3144.561km (1,953.94miles)3085.895 millions
Table notes

Indicates ridership figures based on the fiscal year rather than the calendar year.

Systems in development



SystemLocaleState / Union TerritoryLinesStationsLength (Under Construction)Length (Planned)Construction beganPlanned Opening
Bhoj MetroBhopalMadhya Pradesh22827.87abbr=onNaNabbr=on80abbr=onNaNabbr=on20182024[106]
Indore MetroIndoreMadhya Pradesh58933.53abbr=onNaNabbr=on248abbr=onNaNabbr=on20182024
Meerut MetroMeerutUttar Pradesh22523.6abbr=onNaNabbr=on38.6abbr=onNaNabbr=on20192025[107]
Patna MetroPatnaBihar22616.86abbr=onNaNabbr=on30.91abbr=onNaNabbr=on20202025[108]
Surat MetroSuratGujarat23840.35abbr=onNaNabbr=on40.35abbr=onNaNabbr=on20212027[109]
Bhubaneswar MetroOdisha12026.024abbr=onNaNabbr=on26.024abbr=onNaNabbr=on2024[110] 2028[111]
Visakhapatnam MetroVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh35476.9abbr=onNaNabbr=on20242028[112]
Chandigarh MetroChandigarh Capital Region550+154.5 km (95 mi)TBDTBD[113]
Vadodara MetroVadodaraGujarat2TBD43.2abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[114]
Rajkot MetroRajkotGujarat2TBD37.8abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[115]
Thane Metro ThaneMaharashtra12230abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[116]
Guwahati MetroGuwahatiAssam45461.42abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD
Ranchi MetroRanchiJharkhand12016abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[117]
Thiruvananthapuram MetroThiruvananthapuramKerala23846.7abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[118] [119]
Coimbatore MetroCoimbatoreTamil Nadu23234.8abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD
Aurangabad MetroAurangabadMaharashtra2TBD25abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[120] [121]
Total44700+169.63abbr=onNaNabbr=on1184.955abbr=onNaNabbr=on

Abandoned systems

SystemLocaleState / Union TerritoryLengthNotes
Western Railway Elevated CorridorMumbaiMaharashtra63.27abbr=onNaNabbr=onRejected due to infeasibility.[122]
Ludhiana MetroLudhianaPunjab28.3abbr=onNaNabbr=onRejected and replaced by bus rapid transit system.[123]
Skybus MetroMargaoGoa1.5abbr=onNaNabbr=onScrapped and Dismantled [124]

List of lines

India has a total of 38 lines of metro under operation.

Urban rapid rail transit lines
LineSystemLengthStationsRolling stockCommencementLatest extension
Blue LineKolkata32.13km (19.96miles)26ICF, CRRC Dalian24 October 198422 February 2021
Green Line14.1km (08.8miles)12BEML Limited13 February 20206 March 2024
Purple Line7.75km (04.82miles)7ICF30 December 20226 March 2024
Orange Line5.4km (03.4miles)5ICF6 March 2024
Red LineDelhi34.69km (21.56miles)29Mitsubishi, Hyundai Rotem and BEML Limited25 December 20028 March 2019
Yellow Line49.31km (30.64miles)37Mitsubishi, Hyundai Rotem, BEML Limited and Bombardier Movia20 December 200410 November 2015
Blue Line (Main)56.61km (35.18miles)5031 December 20059 March 2019
Blue Line (Branch)8.74km (05.43miles)810 May 200914 July 2011
Green Line (Main)28.79km (17.89miles)24Mitsubishi, Hyundai Rotem and BEML Limited3 April 201024 June 2018
Violet Line46.63km (28.97miles)343 October 201019 November 2018
Airport Express22.7km (14.1miles)6CAF23 February 2011
Pink Line58.43km (36.31miles)38Hyundai Rotem and BEML Limited14 March 20186 August 2021
Magenta Line37.46km (23.28miles)25Hyundai Rotem25 December 201728 May 2018
Grey Line5.19km (03.22miles)44 October 201918 September 2021
Purple LineBengaluru43.49km (27.02miles)37BEML Limited20 October 20119 October 2023
Green Line30.37km (18.87miles)291 March 201415 January 2021
Line 1Gurgaon11.7km (07.3miles)11Siemens14 November 201331 March 2017
Blue Line 1Mumbai10.81km (06.72miles)12CRRC Nanjing Puzhen8 June 2014
Yellow Line 218.58km (11.55miles)17BEML2 April 202219 January 2023
Red Line 716.5km (10.3miles)142 April 202219 January 2023
Pink LineJaipur11.97km (07.44miles)11BEML Limited3 June 201523 September 2020
Blue LineChennai32.65km (20.29miles)25Alstom21 September 201613 March 2022
Green Line22km (14miles)1729 June 201525 May 2018
Line 1Kochi28.13km (17.48miles)22Alstom Metropolis17 June 20176 March 2024
Red LineLucknow22.87km (14.21miles)21Alstom5 September 20178 March 2019
Red LineHyderabad29km (18miles)27Hyundai Rotem29 November 201724 September 2018
Blue Line27km (17miles)2329 November 201729 November 2019
Green Line11km (07miles)107 February 2020
Aqua LineNoida29.7km (18.5miles)21CRRC25 January 2019
Blue LineAhmedabad19.38km (12.04miles)16Hyundai Rotem4 March 20191 October 2022
Red Line18.52km (11.51miles)161 October 2022
Orange LineNagpur15.6km (09.7miles)13CRRC8 March 201921 August 2021
Aqua Line11km (07miles)1128 January 20206 April 2021
Orange LineKanpur8.98km (05.58miles)9Alstom28 December 2021
Purple LinePune7km (04miles)5Titagarh Firema6 March 2022
Aqua Line5km (03miles)56 March 2022
Line 1Navi Mumbai11.1km (06.9miles)11CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive17 November 2023
5.2km (03.2miles)6Alstom Movia6 March 2024

Note : Only operational lines are listed.

Suburban rail

Suburban rail plays a major role in the public transport system of many major Indian cities. These services are operated by Indian Railways. Suburban rail is a rail service between a central business district and the suburbs, a conurbation or other locations that draw large numbers of people daily. The trains are called suburban trains. These trains are also referred to as "local trains" or "locals". The suburban rail systems in Hyderabad, Pune, Lucknow–Kanpur and Bengaluru do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share tracks with long-distance trains. The suburban rail system of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai have both dedicated tracks and tracks shared with long-distance trains.

The first suburban rail system in India is Mumbai Suburban Railway which started operations in 1853. The Kolkata Suburban Railway has the largest network in the entire country. The Chennai Suburban Railway started its operations in 1931.

Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are all electric multiple units (EMUs). They usually have nine or twelve coaches, sometimes even fifteen to handle rush hour traffic. One unit of an EMU train consists of one power car and two general coaches. Thus a nine coach EMU is made up of three units having one power car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in the suburban rails run on 25 kV AC.[125] Ridership on India's suburban railways has risen from 1.2 million in 1970–71 to 4.4 million in 2012–13. The suburban railways of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai occupy no more than 7.1% of the Indian Railways network, but account for 53.2% of all railway passengers.[126] In some cities of India, the opening of rapid transit systems has led to a decline in the use of the suburban rail system.[127] [128]

SystemLocaleState / Union TerritoryLinesStationsLengthOpenedAnnual Ridership (in Billions)
West Bengal244581501abbr=onNaNabbr=on15 August 1854[129] 1.825
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry8300+1200abbr=onNaNabbr=on1931[130] 1.01
Maharashtra7150450.9abbr=onNaNabbr=on16 April 18533.0
Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport SystemTelangana54490abbr=onNaNabbr=on9 August 2003[131] 0.8
National Capital RegionDelhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana14685abbr=onNaNabbr=on1 October 1975[132]
Uttar Pradesh123 (NR)28 (NER)101 km (NR)109 km (NER)1867_
Maharashtra21763abbr=onNaNabbr=on11 March 1978[133] 0.3
ChennaiTamil Nadu21819.34abbr=onNaNabbr=on1 November 1995[134] 0.1
Total884810173319.84abbr=onNaNabbr=on5.5

Systems in development


SystemLocaleState / Union TerritoryLinesStationsLengthPlanned Opening
Bengaluru Suburban RailwayBengaluruKarnataka457148.17abbr=onNaNabbr=on2026[135] [136]
AhmedabadGujarat24152.96abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBD[137]
NagpurMaharashtra4[138] TBD268.63abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBD[139] [140]
CoimbatoreTamil Nadu5TBDTBDTBD[141]

Regional rapid rail

See main article: RapidX.

Regional Rapid Transit systems in India are passenger rail services that operate beyond the limits of urban areas, and either connect similarly sized cities, or metropolitan cities and surrounding towns/cities, outside at the outer rim of a suburban belt at higher speeds.

The following list excludes passenger train services provided by Indian Railways.

The Delhi-Meerut RRTS, also known as RapidX, is a partly operational and under-construction semi-high-speed rail line connecting Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Meerut is the only operational system currently.

Maximum speed of 180 km/h (110 mph), operating speed of 160 km/h (100 mph), average speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) considering it stops at various station and wait times.

Systems in development



SystemState / Union TerritoryStationsLengthPlanned Opening
Delhi–Alwar RAPIDXDelhi, Haryana and Rajasthan22164abbr=onNaNabbr=on2025[144]
Delhi–Panipat RAPIDXDelhi and Haryana15103abbr=onNaNabbr=on2028[145]
DelhiRohtak RAPIDXDelhi and Haryana70km (40miles)2032
DelhiPalwal RAPIDXDelhi and Haryana60km (40miles)2032
Delhi-Baraut RAPIDXDelhi and Uttar Pradesh54km (34miles)2032
GhaziabadBulandshahr-Khurja RRTSUttar Pradesh83km (52miles)2032
GhaziabadHapur RRTSUttar Pradesh57km (35miles)2032
DelhiJewar RAPIDXDelhi and Uttar Pradesh67km (42miles)TBD
Hyderabad–Warangal RRTSTelanganaTBDTBD[146]
Hyderabad–Vijayawada RRTSTelangana and Andhra PradeshTBDTBD
VijaywadaAmaravatiGunturTenali semi-high speed circular railwayAndhra PradeshTBDTBD[147]

Monorail

The Mumbai Monorail, which opened on 2 February 2014, is the first and only operational monorail system used for urban transit in India.[148] Many other Indian cities had planned monorail projects, as a feeder system to the metro, but after the Mumbai monorail failed with multiple issues, other cities are reconsidering the plan and may go ahead with much efficient and proven modes of transport such as the Light rail transit system.[17] [15]

Systems in development

SystemLocaleState / Union TerritoryLinesStationsLengthNotes
Ahmedabad-Dholera SIR MonorailGujarat1740.3abbr=onNaNabbr=onApproved in January 2021. Set to open three or four years after commencement of construction.[149] [150]
Warangal MonorailWarangalTelangana1TBD15abbr=onNaNabbr=onMetro or Metro Neo is under consideration.[151]
Aizawl MonorailAizawlMizoram1TBD5abbr=onNaNabbr=onOn paper since 2012.[152]

Abandoned systems


SystemLocaleState / Union TerritoryLengthNotes
Skybus MetroMadgaonGoa1.6abbr=onNaNabbr=onDefunct and Scrapped after the operation. Deemed unsafe by KRC.[153]
Chennai MonorailChennaiTamil Nadu57abbr=onNaNabbr=onReplaced with Metro.[154]
Coimbatore MonorailCoimbatoreTamil Nadu44abbr=onNaNabbr=onReplaced with Metro Project.
Kolkata MonorailKolkataWest Bengal177abbr=onNaNabbr=onNew Town route was converted into a Ropeway & Light Rail/Tram project.[155]
Kanpur MonorailKanpurUttar Pradesh63abbr=onNaNabbr=onScrapped in favour of Metro system[156]
Madurai MonorailMaduraiTamil NaduTBDMonorail is replaced with Metro Project.[157]
Tiruchirappalli MonorailTiruchirapalliTamil NaduTBDMonorail proposal is replaced with Metro Proposal.[158] [159]

Light rail

See main article: Metrolite. Light rail transit (LRT) or popularly known as Metrolite in India, is a form of urban rail transit characterized by a combination of rapid transit and tram systems. It usually operates at a higher capacity than trams, and often on an exclusive right-of-way similar to rapid transit. Several tier-2 cities in India have opted it since it is a cheap and efficient mode of urban transit which serves for a lower demand. This list excludes Trolleybus or 'Metro Neo' systems which do not use rails.



SystemLocaleState / Union TerritoryLinesStationsLengthTypePlanned opening
Jammu MetroJammuJammu and Kashmir24043.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on25 kV AC railway electrification2026
Srinagar MetroSrinagarJammu and Kashmir22425abbr=onNaNabbr=on25 kV AC railway electrification2026
Kozhikode Light MetroKozhikodeKerala11413.3abbr=onNaNabbr=on25 kV AC railway electrificationTBD[160]
ChennaiTamil Nadu1TBD15.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on25 kV AC railway electrificationTBD
Gorakhpur MetroGorakhpurUttar Pradesh22727.41abbr=onNaNabbr=on25 kV AC railway electrification2024[161] [162]
Vijayawada MetroVijayawadaAndhra Pradesh25175abbr=onNaNabbr=on25 kV AC railway electrificationTBD[163]
Raipur MetroRaipurChhattisgarhTBDTBDTBD25 kV AC railway electrificationTBD[164]
DelhiDelhi23740.88abbr=onNaNabbr=on25 kV AC railway electrification[165] 2026[166]
Rajkot MetroRajkotGujaratTBDTBDTBDTBDTBD[167]
Jamnagar MetroJamnagarGujaratTBDTBDTBDTBDTBD
Bhavnagar MetroBhavnagarGujaratTBDTBDTBDTBDTBD
MaduraiTamil Nadu3[168] 4191abbr=onNaNabbr=on25 kV AC railway electrification2027
Bareilly MetroBareillyUttar Pradesh11020abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[169]
Varanasi MetroVaranasiUttar Pradesh22629.23abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[170]
Prayagraj MetrolitePrayagrajUttar Pradesh23942abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[171]
Jhansi MetroJhansiUttar Pradesh21718abbr=onNaNabbr=onTBDTBD[172]
Mathura MetroliteMathuraUttar PradeshTBDTBDTBDTBDTBD[173]
Ayodhya MetroliteAyodhyaUttar PradeshTBDTBDTBDTBDTBD

Tram

See main article: Trams in India. In addition to trains, trams were introduced in many cities in the late 19th century, though almost all of these were phased out. The Kolkata Tram is currently the only tram system in the country. Due to construction of Kolkata Metro Green line from Salt Lake to Howrah, just 19.53km (12.14miles) of Tramline is operational in Kolkata.

Abandoned systems

SystemCityState / Union TerritoryLinesStopsLengthOpenedDiscontinued
MumbaiMaharashtra18731964
NashikMaharashtra110abbr=onNaNabbr=on18891931
ChennaiTamil Nadu18921953
PatnaBihar1903
KanpurUttar Pradesh6.04abbr=onNaNabbr=on190716 May 1933
KochiKerala19071963
DelhiDelhi19081963
BhavnagarGujarat19261960s

Standardisation

Track gauge

Unlike Broad gauge which form majority of the railway tracks in the sub-continent, metro rail lines in India are of mainly standard gauge. Projects like the Kolkata Metro and Delhi Metro used broad gauge for their earliest lines, but to procure modern foreign rakes and to adopt international standard, India went ahead with standard gauge for all the following lines.[175]

NCMC

See main article: National Common Mobility Card. Part of the 'One Nation, One Card' policy of the Government of India, the National Common Mobility Card is an inter-operable transport card that enables users to pay for multiple kinds of transport charges like metros and buses, as well as do other things like retail shopping and money withdrawal.[176] [177] It is enabled through the RuPay card mechanism. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs have been working on the card since 2006, when it was envisaged as a cashless fare payment system in accordance with the National Urban Transport Policy, 2006 (NUTP-2006). Its aim was to provide seamless connectivity to passengers across transit systems, leading to convenience, higher digital payments penetration, savings on closed loop card lifecycle management cost, and reduced operating cost.[178] [179]

Manufacturing

There are multiple metro manufacturers in India, Under the Union Government's Make in India program, about 75% of the rolling stock procured for use on Indian metro systems are required to be manufactured in India.[180]

CompanyCustomerTotal coaches
BEML[181] [182] Delhi Metro1,444
Mumbai Metro576
Namma Metro300
Kolkata Metro102
Jaipur Metro40
BEML Total52,462
Bombardier[183] [184] [185] Delhi Metro816
Agra Metro87
Kanpur Metro114
Meerut Metro30
Bombardier Total41,047
Alstom[186] Chennai Metro286
Kochi Metro75
Lucknow Metro80
Mumbai Metro248
Delhi Metro312
Indore Metro75
Bhopal Metro81
Pune Metro66
Meerut Metro4
Delhi Meerut RRTS80
Alstom Total81,223
Hyundai Rotem[187] [188] [189] [190] [191] Delhi Metro486
Ahmedabad Metro96
Namma Metro150
Hyderabad Metro171
Hyundai Rotem Total4903
ICFKolkata Metro1072
ICF Total11072
Titagarh Rail Systems[192] [193] Namma Metro216
Pune Metro102
Surat Metro72
Titagarh Total3390
CRRC[194] [195] [196] [197] [198] [199] Namma Metro216
Rapid Metro Gurgaon36
Kolkata Metro112
Mumbai Metro48
Nagpur Metro69
Noida Metro76
Navi Mumbai Metro24
CRRC Total7581
7207678

Summary

Northern Region

Delhi NCR

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Rajasthan

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Central Region

Madhya Pradesh

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Uttar Pradesh

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Western Region

Gujarat

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Maharashtra

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Eastern Region

Odisha

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

West Bengal

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Southern Region

Karnataka

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Kerala

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Tamil Nadu

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

Telangana

SystemInformationCurrently operationalCurrently under constructionMapWebsite

See also

External links

|}

Notes and References

  1. News: 2023-10-27 . One crore passengers riding metro systems per day in India: Hardeep Singh Puri . 3 March 2024 .
  2. Web site: Urban Transport. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
  3. Web site: The History of Mumbai's Local Trains in 1 Minute. The Culture Tip. 13 September 2016.
  4. News: Smith . R.V. . When trams plied . The Hindu. 17 February 2013 .
  5. Web site: Kolkata's Tube Railway plan nipped in bud a century ago. The Times of India. 5 February 2020.
  6. Web site: History of Metro rail in India: Trams to driverless metro. Urban Transport News. 21 May 2021.
  7. Book: Year Book 2009. Bright Publications. 569.
  8. Web site: Country's first elevated railway track gets operational at Rohtak. 2021-07-06. Tribuneindia News Service. en.
  9. Siemiatycki . Matti . June 2006 . Message in a Metro: Building Urban Rail Infrastructure and Image in Delhi, India . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research . 277–292 . 30 . 2 . 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00664.x . free .
  10. Web site: History of Delhi Metro . . 17 September 2009 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100925022045/http://www.delhimetrorail.com/needformetro/history.aspx . 25 September 2010 .
  11. Web site: Delhi metro map . 13 November 2021 . delhimetrorail.com.
  12. News: Mumbai monorail to run in two years. The Times of India. 27 September 2007. 19 March 2009.
  13. News: First mono runs crowded like the good old local . . 1 February 2014 . 2 February 2014.
  14. Web site: Ateeq Shaikh . India's first monorail flagged off by Maharashtra's Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan . DNA . 1 February 2014 . 2 February 2014.
  15. Web site: Mumbai: Despite govt taking over operations, Monorail continues to be plagued with problems. The Times of India. 22 August 2021.
  16. Web site: Why cities rarely build monorails, explained. Greater Greater Washington. 1 May 2018.
  17. Web site: Failure of Mumbai's Monorail Holds Lessons for Urban Planners Everywhere. The Wire. 10 January 2019.
  18. Web site: How metro rail networks are spreading across India. Jyotika. Sood. 26 July 2017. livemint.com.
  19. Web site: Metro Rail Projects in India - Quick Snapshot . 2024-03-06 . The Metro Rail Guy . en-US.
  20. News: Metros in India have less than 50% projected ridership, says IIT-D report . The Business Standard. 2 January 2023 .
  21. Web site: Organization Structure of Indian Railways . Indian Railways . 7 March 2023 .
  22. Web site: As India readies an underwater line, here's a look at its various metro networks. Sangeeta. Tanwar. Quartz. 13 August 2019 .
  23. Web site: Feasibility report on Surat metro soon. Bhatt. Himansshu. 2 May 2015. The Times of India. 14 September 2017.
  24. News: Jaipal's push set metro rail projects on track. The Hindu . 28 July 2019.
  25. News: Centre to aid Metro projects in cities with 10 lakh people. 11 August 2014. Business Standard. 14 September 2017.
  26. Web site: 10 lakh to be new population norm for Metro Rail projects. 12 August 2014. Smart City. Elets Technomedia Pvt Ltd. 14 September 2017.
  27. Web site: - mydigitalfc. mydigitalfc.com. 5 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170826155312/http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/50-cities-get-metro-rails-rs-500000-cr-110. 26 August 2017. dead.
  28. Web site: Indian Metro Rail Network.
  29. Web site: Metro no more Government's first carrier. https://web.archive.org/web/20170320053410/http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2017/mar/19/metro-no-more-governments-first-carrier-1582942--1.html. dead. 20 March 2017. 19 March 2017. The New Indian Express. 14 September 2017.
  30. Web site: Union Cabinet approves new Metro Rail Policy; Focus on compact urban development, cost reduction and multi-modal integration. 16 August 2017. Press Information Bureau of India. https://web.archive.org/web/20170820104848/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=170009. 20 August 2017. dead. 14 September 2017.
  31. Web site: Union Cabinet approves new metro rail policy. Nair. Sobhana. 16 August 2017. The Hindu. 14 September 2017.
  32. Web site: For Metro rail, states must bring private players: Govt. Nair. Shalini. 17 August 2017. The Indian Express. 14 September 2017.
  33. Web site: 8 March 2019 . Present Network . Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
  34. The lengths of the Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted with the Delhi Metro. If they were counted, the total length of the three systems would be .
  35. Web site: Network map . 2023-02-23 . www.delhimetrorail.com.
  36. Web site: 2023-11-05 . First section of Delhi Metro phase-IV to open by July 2024, says DMRC chief . 2023-11-24 . TimesNow . en.
  37. Web site: March 13, 2024 . Cabinet approves two corridors of Delhi Metro Phase-IV projects namely (i) Lajpat Nagar to Saket G-Block and (ii) Inderlok to Indraprastha .
  38. Web site: 2023-07-12 . DMRC proposes to expand Rithala – Narela corridor up to Haryana's Kundli – Details Inside . 2023-12-20 . Financialexpress . en.
  39. News: 2023-12-20 . Noida-Ghaziabad metro link, Rapid Rail set to be integrated in Sahibabad . 2023-12-20 . The Times of India . 0971-8257.
  40. News: Indian PM launches Delhi metro . BBC News . 24 December 2002 . 22 April 2010 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120422001958/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2602907.stm . 22 April 2012 .
  41. Web site: Gandhiok . Jasjeev . 18 January 2024 . Delhi Metro logs 2 billion passenger trips for 2023 — highest ever . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118000618/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/delhi-metro-logs-2-billion-passenger-trips-for-2023-highest-ever-101705517441601.html . 18 January 2024 . 3 March 2024 . Hindustan Times.
  42. Web site: Metro Phase I Will be Ready by May, to Miss Deadline. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032315/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Metro-Phase-I-Will-be-Ready-by-May-to-Miss-Deadline/2015/10/22/article3091913.ece. dead. 17 November 2015. The New Indian Express. 22 October 2015.
  43. Web site: Bangalore Metro - Information, Route Maps, Fares, Tenders & Updates . 2023-05-06 . The Metro Rail Guy . en-US.
  44. Web site: Namma Metro - Home . 2023-10-18 . english.bmrc.co.in.
  45. Web site: Namma Metro - Operational & Under Construction Projects . 2024-05-04 . english.bmrc.co.in.
  46. Web site: Namma Metro - Upcoming Projects . 2024-05-04 . english.bmrc.co.in.
  47. News: South India's first underground Metro launch on April 29 . The Times of India . 26 April 2016.
  48. News: S . Lalitha . 22 April 2024 . Bengaluru Metro clocks highest ever profit of Rs 130 crore . 2024-04-22 . The New Indian Express.
  49. Web site: Track Work Hyderabad Metro L&T India . 2024-05-04 . www.ltmetro.in . en.
  50. Web site: Hyderabad Metro rail flagged off today: See fares, timings, routes and other features . 28 November 2017 . The Indian Express . en . 28 November 2017.
  51. News: Sangam . Sowmya . 18 April 2024 . Mahalakshmi scheme impacts Hyderabad Metro ridership . 2024-04-18 . Telangana Today . Telangana Today.
  52. Figure extrapolated from 4,40,000 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
  53. As for the size the system reached by the end of 2019, see Web site: 15 January 2020 . Engineering Department » Existing Features . 2020-02-15 . Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS).

    As for the section opened after the end of 2019, see News: Roy . Subhajoy . 14 February 2020 . First phase of East-West Metro unveiled . 2020-02-15 . . Ananda Bazar Patrika (ABP) Group.

  54. Web site: 4 May 2023 . Kolkata Metro System Map . 4 May 2024 . Metro Railway, Indian Railways.
  55. Web site: Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation Ltd . Kmrc.in . 27 January 2016 . 2 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170602200841/http://www.kmrc.in/overview.php . live .
  56. Web site: METRO CARRIED 19.25 CRORES PASSENGER IN 2023-24 . 2024-04-18 . mtp.indianrailways.gov.in.
  57. Web site: Stations in Chennai Metro rails Phase I extension will be renamed. The Hindu. 5 October 2020. 6 October 2020.
  58. News: . 15 February 2021 . Now, reach airport from North Chennai in 1 hour . 2021-02-16 . The New Indian Express . Express Publications Ltd..
  59. Web site: Chennai's First Metro rail ride begins. The Hindu. 29 June 2015. 3 April 2016.
  60. Web site: Press Release 02-01-2024 11.11 crore passengers travelled in Chennai Metro Train in 2023 . 2024-04-18 . chennaimetrorail.org.
  61. Web site: Metro Line- 2A Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority . 2024-05-22 . mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in.
  62. Web site: Metro Line - 7 Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority . 2024-05-22 . mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in.
  63. Web site: Metro Line - 1 Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority . 2024-05-22 . mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in.
  64. News: 8 June 2014 . Mumbai Metro Blue Line 1 starts for public . 19 October 2020 . India Today.
  65. News: 5 December 2023 . Metro 1 ridership touches 90cr in 9 yrs of operation . The Times of India.
  66. News: 22 February 2024 . Mumbai: Metro Line 2A & 7 Sees 8 Million Ridership Since Inception . Times Now News.
  67. Figure extrapolated from a sum of average daily ridership figures of lines 1 (3,54,610), 2A & 7 (1,80,726.37) over an year as mentioned in the cited reports
  68. Web site: Route Information and Time Table . 2024-05-20 . AHMEDABAD METRO RAIL PROJECT . en-US.
  69. News: Ahmedabad Metro to open for public on Wednesday . The Times of India . 5 March 2019 . 10 March 2019.
  70. Web site: PM Modi inaugurates Ahmedabad Metro first phase, takes a ride. The Economic Times. 4 March 2019.
  71. Web site: AHMEDABAD METRO RAIL PROJECT - PASSENGER JOURNEYS . 2024-06-03 . AHMEDABAD METRO RAIL PROJECT . en-US.
  72. Total ridership figures from April 2023 to March 2024
  73. Web site: NMRCL - Project Profile . 2024-05-22 . www.metrorailnagpur.com.
  74. Web site: Nagpur metro work begins on 43-km phase 2 connecting satellite cities .
  75. Web site: Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi flags-off Nagpur Metro via video conferencing.pic.twitter.com/0n6ohgcok3. ANI. 7 March 2019. @ANI. pt. 8 March 2019.
  76. News: 28 February 2024 . 33% fare reduced by Nagpur Metro from March 1 . The Live Nagpur.
  77. Figure extrapolated from 75,000 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
  78. News: Jedhe . Eeshwari . 31 July 2023 . Extended routes of Pune Metro to open to commuters on Tuesday from 5 pm . live . 23 May 2024 . Pune Mirror.
  79. Web site: 2024-03-06 . Pune Metro's reach set to expand up to 30 km . 2024-05-23 . Hindustan Times . en.
  80. Web site: Sarang Dastane . 4 March 2022 . Pune: Metro for people on 2 routes after Sunday flag-off by PM Narendra Modi Pune News . 5 March 2022 . The Times of India . en.
  81. Web site: Over 93 lakh Pune citizens travelled in Metro in 2023 . 3 January 2024 . Pune Pulse.
  82. News: Jedhe . Eeshwari . 13 April 2024 . Pune: Puneites prefer Metro in summer . live . 23 May 2024 . Pune Mirror.
  83. News: Aqua Line ready for launch, nod awaited from UP . The Times of India . 22 December 2018 . 22 December 2018.
  84. Web site: Reporter . Staff . 2024-01-27 . Noida Metro Celebrates 5th Anniversary with An Average Daily Ridership of Over 45K . 2024-03-03 . Metro Rail News . en-US.
  85. News: 2024-03-06 . Completed Kochi Metro phase 1B inaugurated by PM; makes access to port city easier . 2024-05-22 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
  86. News: Kochi Metro a 'futuristic infrastructure that will contribute to India's growth': What PM Modi said at inauguration . . 17 June 2017 . 30 July 2017.
  87. Web site: Service . Express News . 2024-01-10 . Average monthly ridership 25 lakh in 2023, Kochi Metro guns for more . 2024-03-04 . The New Indian Express . en.
  88. Web site: Project Status Lucknow Metro . 2024-05-22 . www.lmrcl.com.
  89. News: Lucknow Metro Rail fastest and most economical project in India. Rawat. Virendra Singh. 16 November 2015. Business Standard. 13 September 2017.
  90. News: 2 January 2024 . Lucknow Metro records historic ridership surge . Hindustan Times.
  91. Figure extrapolated from 73,476 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
  92. Web site: Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon opens . . 15 November 2013 . 28 December 2014 . 26 April 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144645/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/rapid-metrorail-gurgaon-opens.html . dead .
  93. News: 5 December 2023 . Rapid Metro witnesses major spurt in ridership in 2023, revenue rises by 53% . The Hindustan Times.
  94. Figure extrapolated from 40,000 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
  95. Web site: Jaipur Metro A Brief Note on the Project . JMRC . 2 . 3 June 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062922/https://www.jaipurmetrorail.in/pdf/39Brief%20Note%20on%20the%20Project.pdf . 4 March 2016 .
  96. Web site: 28 November 2020 . Present Status . 2020-11-28 . www.transport.rajasthan.gov.in . JMRC - Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd..
  97. Web site: Rajasthan govt. to start work on Jaipur Metro Phase 1 extension. . 28 November 2022. Metro Rail News.
  98. Web site: Passenger Travelled Count . 2024-05-20 . transport.rajasthan.gov.in.
  99. Web site: Newton . Jonathan . 28 November 2023 . Navi Mumbai opens first metro line eight years late . 2024-05-22 . International Railway Journal.
  100. https://themetrorailguy.com/navi-mumbai-metro-information-map-updates/
  101. News: 2 February 2024 . Metro ridership in Navi Mumbai touches one million in 2.5 months, generates ₹2.55-cr in revenues . Hindustan Times.
  102. Total figures from November 2023 to January 2024
  103. Web site: Kanpur Metro: Project Information, Routes, Fares and other Details Metro Rail Today . 2024-05-22 . Metro Rail Today: Gateway to Rail & Metro Industry.
  104. Web site: Shah . Narendra . 2024-02-27 . CMRS Completes Safety Inspection For Agra Metro's Priority Corridor - Metro Rail News . 2024-05-20 . en-US.
  105. Web site: Agra Metro - Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates .
  106. Web site: Bhopal, Indore Metro Likely to Start Operations By May 2024: MP CM Shivraj Singh Chouhan. www.news18.com. 27 August 2023. 29 September 2023.
  107. Web site: Meerut Metro – Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates . themetrorailguy.com . The Metro Rail Guy . 13 January 2024.
  108. News: 30% of metro rail priority corridor works completed in Patna. The Times of India . 18 January 2023 .
  109. Web site: Surat Metro – Information, Route Maps, Fares, Tenders & Updates. TheMetroRailGuy . 24 October 2023.
  110. Web site: Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik lays foundation stone of ₹6225 crore Bhubaneswar Metro project. The Hindu. 1 January 2023.
  111. Web site: Bhubaneswar Metro – Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates. TheMetrorailguy. 1 January 2023.
  112. Web site: New DPR puts cost of Vizag Metro Rail project at ₹14,309 crore. The Hindu. 16 April 2022.
  113. Web site: Chandigarh's Metro project likely to be delayed. Hindustan Times. 8 January 2024.
  114. Web site: મેટ્રોની ભેટ / વડોદરામાં રૂ. 5608 કરોડના ખર્ચે દોડાવાશે મેટ્રો ટ્રેન, 43.2 કિલોમીટરમાં ઊભું કરાશે આખુંય રેલવે નેટવર્ક (Geschenk van Metro / Vadodara Rs. Metrotrein zal rijden voor een bedrag van 5608 crores, het volledige spoorwegnet zal over 43,2 km worden aangelegd) . gu . 2024-01-24.
  115. https://themetrorailguy.com/rajkot-metro-route-map-tenders-status-updates/
  116. Web site: Thane corporation gives nod to proposal for internal metro. The Indian Express. 15 September 2021.
  117. Web site: लोकसभा में मांग: रांची की बढ़ती आबादी को देखते हुए शीघ्र शुरू हो मेट्रो रेल : संजय सेठ. 18 March 2021. Dainik Bhaskar.
  118. News: Metro rail in Kerala's capital to cost Rs 11600 crore, final DPR in June . 8 August 2024 . The Times of India . 30 April 2024.
  119. News: Preliminary report on Thiruvananthapuram metro project submitted . 8 August 2024 . The Hindu . 3 February 2024.
  120. Web site: Maha Metro tasked to prepare DPR for Aurangabad Metro Rail Project Metro Rail Today . 2023-08-17 . Metro Rail Today: Gateway to Rail & Metro Industry.
  121. Web site: Maha Metro presents DPR for Aurangabad Metro . 2023-08-17 . www.constructionworld.in . en.
  122. Web site: Deshpande . Umakant . Piyush Goyal scraps elevated corridor . The Asian Age . 14 January 2019 . 20 December 2017.
  123. Web site: BRTS runs over Ludhiana metro dreams. The Times of India. 28 January 2014.
  124. Web site: Dismantling of sky bus project stopped . January 4, 2015 . November 19, 2023.
  125. Web site: [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Electric Traction — I|website=[IRFCA] The Indian Railways Fan Club|access-date=14 September 2017].
  126. News: Why India's Metro and suburban railways should merge. Chaturvedi. Sumit. 7 September 2015. Newslaundry. 14 September 2017.
  127. News: Varma. Vishnu. 11 March 2016. Ring Railway left behind as Delhi swells beyond boundaries. The Indian Express. New Delhi. 4 December 2021.
  128. News: scr clueless about poor patronage to mmts-suburban train services in hyderabad.
  129. Web site: Railway. Eastern. 31 March 2020. ERSY 2020 FINAL.
  130. News: Menon. Nitya. 83 years of electric suburban rail. The Hindu. Chennai. 18 April 2014. 18 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140418091548/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/83-years-of-electric-suburban-rail/article5923173.ece. 18 April 2014. live.
  131. News: Advani flags off Hyderabad MMTS. 9 August 2003. The Times of India. 9 August 2003 . en. 29 February 2020.
  132. Web site: Delhi's mega plan to link capital ring rail metro network. 15 February 2018 . Hindustan Times.
  133. Web site: Umbrajkar. Manish. Pune-Lonavla EMU train service completes 35 years. The Times of India. 12 March 2013. 23 September 2014.
  134. Web site: Development of MRTS in Chennai. CMDA. 6 September 2021. 12 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230712090557/https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/mrts_phase1.html. dead.
  135. Web site: Union Railway Minister reviews the progress of Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project. 15 January 2021. Urban Transport News.
  136. Web site: 12 January 2021. Bangalore Suburban Railway to be safe, eco-friendly & comfortable! Project to be completed by 2026; details. 13 January 2021. The Financial Express. en-US.
  137. News: Rail min breathes life into old suburban train project. Avasthi. Yogesh. 26 February 2016. Ahmedabad Mirror. 27 September 2017.
  138. Web site: Nagpur Broad Gauge Metro: Project information, tenders, routes & updates. Urban Transport News. en-US. 14 February 2020. 17 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200217123414/https://www.urbantransportnews.com/nagpur-broad-gauge-metro-project-information-tenders-routes-updates/. dead.
  139. Web site: Railway Board Approves DPR of Rs 418 cr Nagpur Broad Gauge Metro. Shah. Narendra. 30 November 2019. Metro Rail News. en-US. 6 February 2020.
  140. Web site: . Maharashtra Government Clears Broad Gauge Metro Project. 15 October 2020. The Live Nagpur. 14 October 2020 . en-US.
  141. News: coimbatore circular railway. The Hindu. 24 December 2015.
  142. News: Anabd . Jatin . 20 October 2023 . PM Modi flags off RRTS: What is this mass transport system, how it can benefit NCR . 20 October 2023 . The Indian Express . en.
  143. Web site: 2022-04-04 . Delhi-Meerut RRTS construction work on schedule, likely to be done June 2025 . 2022-04-06 . livemint.com . en.
  144. Stateholders' Workshop for Delhi-Gurgaon-Rewar-Alwar RRTS Corridor. 20 September 2017. https://archive.today/20170920082500/http://ncrtc.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Presentation_for%20Stakeholder%20Workshop_final%20ppt.pdf. 20 September 2017. dead.
  145. News: NHAI approves Delhi RRTS projects worth Rs 53,500 crore. 19 July 2017. Mint. 6 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170920092955/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/RjhDhrAplQVCTQteLqikoM/NHAI-approves-Delhi-RRTS-projects-worth-Rs53500-crore.html. 20 September 2017. live.
  146. Web site: Telangana to take up Regional Rapid Transit System. The New Indian Express. 18 February 2022.
  147. Web site: Metro rail projects in Vijayawada and Vizag make little headway. The Hindu. 13 March 2022.
  148. News: Mumbai monorail to run in two years. https://web.archive.org/web/20110811120003/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-29/mumbai/27981519_1_mumbai-monorail-jacob-circle-mmrda-joint-commissioner. dead. 11 August 2011. 29 September 2007. The Times of India. 14 September 2017.
  149. News: Ahmedabad-Dholera SIR monorail gets green signal . 10 January 2021. The Times of India. 6 January 2021 . en.
  150. News: 21 January 2021. Ahmedabad Dholera Mono Rail project approved for connectivity at Dholera Airport: PM Modi. Dholera Prime. 29 June 2021. 12 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220512122504/https://www.dholeraprime.com/ahmedabad-dholera-mono-rail-project-approved-for-connectivity-at-dholera-airport-pm-modi/. dead.
  151. News: Metro rail, airport to Warangal: KTR. The Hans India . 12 March 2020.
  152. Web site: Considerable Headway in Mizoram Monorail Project | Northeast Today . Northeasttoday.in . 10 February 2012 . 24 December 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120212121634/http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/mizoram/considerable-headway-in-mizoram-monorail-project/ . 12 February 2012 .
  153. News: Its final! Konkan Railway Corporation to scrap skybus project - The Times of India. The Times of India. 11 October 2013 . 30 May 2015.
  154. Web site: 17 February 2019. Metro to link route planned under monorail network. The Times of India.
  155. Web site: 7 February 2020. Soon, ropeway services to connect areas in New Town. 5 May 2020. millenniumpost.in. en.
  156. News: Megha Suri . 21 February 2008. Monorail to hit Kanpur streets by 2010 - Kanpur - City - The Times of India. The Times of India. 11 August 2010.
  157. Web site: Sampath . Nirupa . Madurai metro rail will cover 29km with 17 stations in phase 1 . 2022-11-13 . DT next . 13 November 2022 . en.
  158. News: V. S. Palaniappan. Mono rail proposal revives Coimbatore's hopes for better city transport. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607042416/http://www.hindu.com/2011/06/04/stories/2011060462190500.htm. dead. 7 June 2011. 10 February 2014. The Hindu. 4 June 2011. Coimbatore.
  159. News: Feasibility report on MRTS in Tiruchy, Tirunelveli and Salem submitted . The New Indian Express.
  160. Web site: Expectations run high on big-ticket projects in Kozhikode. The Hindu. 10 May 2021.
  161. Web site: Gorakhpur metro rail gets green signal from up cabinet,4672 crores will be spent. 10 March 2020. Dainik jagran. 10 March 2021.
  162. Web site: UP: Gorakhpur Metro on fast track, gets PIB nod, to be ready by 2024. 2 December 2021. The Times of India.
  163. Web site: Metro rail for Vizag, Vijayawada in limbo. 2 February 2023. Bizzbuzz.
  164. Web site: Chhatisgarh to launch state's first Light Metro project in Raipur. Urban Transport News. 22 February 2021.
  165. Web site: Delhi: Metrolite runs into rough weather before ride starts. The Times of India. 4 November 2021.
  166. Web site: . 2023-05-17 . Delhi Metrolite: A Modern Transport System to Provide Feeder Services to Delhi Metro . 2023-07-21 . Metro Rail News . en-US.
  167. Web site: Rustagi . Abha . 2022-05-14 . SYSTRA To Prepare DPR For New Metro Projects In Vadodara, Rajkot, Bhavnagar And Jamnagar - Metro Rail News . 2023-03-05 . en-US.
  168. Web site: Metrolite for Madurai 31-km elevated stretch planned from Tirumangalam to Othakadai. The Hindu. 7 February 2023.
  169. Web site: लोकसभा चुनाव से पहले पश्चिमी यूपी के इस शहर में चल सकती है लाइट मेट्रो, इन 10 जगहों पर बनेंगे स्टॉपेज. 28 July 2022. Light Metro may run Bareilly before Lok Sabha elections stoppages will be built at these 10 places. 29 June 2023. Hindustan. Hindi.
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  171. News: 17 August 2016. Uttar Pradesh Cabinet Approves Metro Rail For Allahabad. NDTV. live. 8 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327230852/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttar-pradesh-cabinet-approves-metro-rail-for-allahabad-1445189. 27 March 2017.
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  198. Web site: CRRC metro train delivered in a satellite town of Indian capital . 5 December 2017 . crrcgc.cc . CRRC . 13 January 2024 . The purchase order covers 19 complete vehicles (76 cars in all), the train is made of stainless steel, and comprises 2 motor train units, 2 trailers, and applies 4 marshalling units, and has a total passenger capacity of 1,034 persons. This is the second major purchase order of CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd. in India market after Mumbai Metro Line 1..
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