Tinigua | |
Nativename: | Tiniguas |
States: | Colombia |
Region: | Meta Department, Colombia; Serranía de la Macarena, Colombia |
Ethnicity: | 1 |
Speakers: | 1 |
Date: | 2013 |
Ref: | e18 |
Familycolor: | American |
Fam1: | Tiniguan |
Iso3: | tit |
Glotto: | tini1245 |
Glottorefname: | Tinigua |
Map: | Tinigua.png |
Tinigua (Tiniguas) is an endangered language isolate spoken in Colombia which used to form a small language family with the now extinct Pamigua language.
As of 2000, Tinigua had only two remaining speakers, Sixto Muñoz (Tinigua name: Sɨsɨthio ‘knife’) and his brother, Criterio. Criterio died some time around 2005, leaving behind Sixto as the last remaining speaker of Tinigua.[1] Formerly a resident of the Serraníade la Macarena in Meta Department, Sixto Muñoz currently resides in Jiw village of Barrancón, near the main town of Guaviare Department.[2] They lived in Meta Department, between the Upper Guayabero and Yari rivers.[3]
Muñoz also speaks Spanish and is thought to have been born somewhere from 1924-1929. He has five children, but he chose not to teach them Tinigua because they would not have any use for it.[4]
Below is a comparison of Tinigua forms elicited from Sixto Muñoz in 2019 compared with Tinigua and Pamigua words recorded in Castellví (1940).[5] [2]
English gloss | Tinigua (Sixto Muñoz) | Tinigua (Castellví) | Pamigua (Castellví) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
eye | sıt̵́i | zőti, zɘ̀ti | sete, xete | |
water | ɲikʷájtʃi | ñikwáiši | nikagé | |
fire | hikʰítsa | ičísa | ekísa | |
woman | ɲísa | ñíza, ñísä | nixtá | |
dog | hanó | xamno, xámiu | xannó | |
jaguar | kʰíɲa ~ tʃíɲa | číña, ǰíña, xiña | xiñaga | |
corn | jóʔhá | t’óka, tióka | xukxá | |
manioc | komáha | xaačá | xoayoa | |
let's go | minahá | manaxǎí | menáxa | |
chili pepper | tsákha | ţáxa | saxa | |
good | hajohási | ayuxáǐ | ayoxagua (‘good morning’) | |
plantain | mandótha | madóxa | mandotá | |
spirit | hamajiéha | pan-kianóso | kinoxá (‘enemy’) | |
man | tsɨtsía | psäţeyá | piksiga | |
five | tsátokwahá (tsátho-kwaʔa ‘left.side-hand’) | xopa-kuáxa | saksu-kuaxa | |
eleven | tapásaɲóha | čimatóse-kiésä | čipsé ipa-kiaxi |