Olga Ladyzhenskaya Explained

Olga Ladyzhenskaya
Native Name:Ольга Ладыженская
Native Name Lang:ru
Birth Name:Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya
Birth Date:1922 3, df=yes
Birth Place:Kologriv, Russian SFSR
Death Place:Saint Petersburg, Russia
Nationality:SovietRussian
Fields:Partial differential equations
Workplaces:Saint Petersburg University
Alma Mater:Moscow University
Doctoral Advisor:Ivan Petrovsky
Sergei Sobolev
Notable Students:
Known For:Finite difference method for the Navier–Stokes equations
Hilbert's nineteenth problem
Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi condition
Ladyzhenskaya's inequality
Awards:Lomonosov Gold Medal (2002)
John von Neumann Prize (1998)
Noether Lecture (1994)
Kovalevskaya Prize (1992)
USSR State Prize (1969)

Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya (Russian: Ольга Александровна Ладыженская|link=no|p=ˈolʲɡə ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvnə ɫɐˈdɨʐɨnskəɪ̯ə|a=Ru-Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya.wav; 7 March 1922 – 12 January 2004) was a Russian mathematician who worked on partial differential equations, fluid dynamics, and the finite-difference method for the Navier–Stokes equations. She received the Lomonosov Gold Medal in 2002. She authored more than two hundred scientific publications, including six monographs.

Biography

Ladyzhenskaya was born and grew up in the small town of Kologriv, the daughter of a mathematics teacher who is credited with her early inspiration and love of mathematics.[1] The artist Gennady Ladyzhensky was her grandfather's brother, also born in this town. In 1937 her father, Aleksandr Ivanovich Ladýzhenski, was arrested by the NKVD and executed as an "enemy of the people".[1]

Ladyzhenskaya completed high school in 1939, unlike her older sisters who weren't permitted to do the same. She was not admitted to the Leningrad State University due to her father's status and attended a pedagogical institute. After the German invasion of June 1941, she taught school in Kologriv. She was eventually admitted to Moscow State University in 1943 and graduated in 1947.[2]

She began teaching in the Physics department of the university in 1950 and defended her PhD there, in 1951, under Sergei Sobolev and Vladimir Smirnov. She received a second doctorate from the Moscow State University in 1953. In 1954, she joined the mathematical physics laboratory of the Steklov Institute and became its head in 1961.[2]

Ladyzhenskaya had a love of arts and storytelling, counting writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and poet Anna Akhmatova among her friends. Like Solzhenitsyn she was religious.[3] She was once a member of the city council, and engaged in philanthropic activities, repeatedly risking her personal safety and career to aid people opposed to the Soviet regime. Ladyzhenskaya suffered from various eye problems in her later years and relied on special pencils to do her work.

Two days before a trip to Florida, she died in her sleep in Russia on 12 January 2004.[4]

Mathematical accomplishments

Ladyzhenskaya is known for her work on partial differential equations (especially Hilbert's nineteenth problem) and fluid dynamics.[5] She provided the first rigorous proofs of the convergence of a finite difference method for the Navier–Stokes equations.

She analyzed the regularity of parabolic equations, with Vsevolod A. Solonnikov and her student Nina Ural'tseva, and the regularity of quasilinear elliptic equations.[2]

She wrote a student thesis under Ivan Petrovsky and was on the shortlist for the 1958 Fields Medal,[6] ultimately awarded to Klaus Roth and René Thom.

Publications

Awards and recognitions

See also

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Dumbaugh. Della. Della Dumbaugh. Daskalopoulos. Panagiota. Vershik. Anatoly . Kapitanski. Lev . Reshetikhin. Nicolai. Apushkinskaya. Darya . Nazarov . Alexander . March 2020 . The Ties That Bind: Olga Alexandrovna Ladyzhenskaya and the 2022 ICM in St. Petersburg. . 67 . 3 . 373–381 . 10.1090/noti2047. free.
  2. Web site: Ladyzhenskaya, Olga Alexandrovna. www.encyclopedia.com. 7 March 2019.
  3. Web site: Olga Alexandrovna Ladyzhenskaya – Biography. mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk. 7 August 2022.
  4. Web site: Meet Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya: the Russian mathematician who pushed through the Iron Curtain . Farah Qaiser . 3 June 2019 . Massive Science.
  5. , and also the comment of Peter Lax in
  6. Barany. Michael. The Fields Medal should return to its roots. Nature. 2018. 553. 7688. 271–273. 10.1038/d41586-018-00513-8. 29345675. 2018Natur.553..271B. free.
  7. Web site: Olga Ladyzhenskaya's 97th Birthday. 7 March 2019. 7 March 2019.
  8. Web site: Google Doodle: Who was Russian mathematician Olga Ladyzhenskay?. 6 March 2019. Evening Standard. en. 7 March 2019.
  9. Web site: OAL Prize Winner | 2022. 2022.worldwomeninmaths.org. 7 August 2022.