Clem Jones Tunnel Explained

Clem Jones Tunnel (CLEM7)
North–South Bypass Tunnel
Location:Brisbane River
Coordinates:-27.4634°N 153.0354°W
Route: M7
Status:Open
Start: Airport Link
Inner City Bypass, Bowen Hills
End: Shafston Avenue
Pacific Motorway
Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba
Startwork:September 2006
Operator:RiverCity Motorway (2010–2013)
Queensland Motorways (2013–2015)
Transurban Queensland (since 2015)
Traffic:Automotive
Character:Motorway
Toll:$2.64–$15.85 (2020–2021)
Vpd:28,000
Length:4.8km (03miles)
Lanes:4 total in 2 parallel tubes
Speed:80km/h
Height:4.6m (15.1feet)

The M7 Clem Jones Tunnel (CLEM7), known during its development as the North–South Bypass Tunnel (NSBT), is a A$3.2 billion motorway grade toll road under the Brisbane River, between Woolloongabba and Bowen Hills in Brisbane, Queensland. The tunnel was progressively opened to traffic from late on 15 March 2010 until just after midnight on 16 March 2010. It was completely open by 12:02 am.[1]

The tunnel was originally proposed by Labor Lord Mayor Jim Soorley in 2001, and was incorporated into the Liberal Party candidate Campbell Newman's five tunnel vision, called TransApex, in 2002. In December 2007, Brisbane City Council decided to name the tunnel the Clem Jones Tunnel in honour of the former lord mayor.[2] On 16 July 2008, the Government of Queensland announced that the tunnel "heralds Queensland’s newest motorway - the M7".

It is Brisbane’s first privately financed inner city toll road,[3] the city's largest road infrastructure project and one of Queensland's largest infrastructure projects. With a length of 4.8km (03miles) it was the longest road tunnel in the country until the 6.7km (04.2miles) Airport Link tunnel was completed.[4]

Construction bids were provided by a tender process in which RiverCity Motorway was selected over the Brisconnections consortium. The project commenced in September 2006, with tunneling using two very large tunnel boring machines completed by May 2009. The tunnel is tolled via an electronic tolling system. It includes extensive safety systems, a traffic control centre and speed cameras. The price of the toll has been criticised as too expensive and the ventilation stacks as too intrusive.

Patronage decreased by more than 65% in the week following the introduction of a reduced toll period, and remains considerably lower than predicted volumes.[5] Despite being completed on time and on budget, the tunnel has been an economic failure due to incorrect predictions of traffic volume. RiverCity Motorway did not collect enough tolls to pay the interest on its $1.3 billion debt and went into receivership.[6] With no hope of profit and therefore no dividend, RiverCity Motorways shares are now worthless, costing investors millions.[7]

On 25 February 2011, Rivercity Motorways was placed into receivership after being unable to pay interest on its debt.[8] In December 2013, Queensland Motorways, operator of the Gateway and Logan motorways, took over tolling and operation of CLEM7.[9] In July 2014, Queensland Motorways was acquired by a consortium (Transurban Queensland) led by toll road operator Transurban, which now manages and operates the tunnel.

Design

The motorway is designed to alleviate traffic congestion in the rapidly growing city, especially in the congested central business district and Fortitude Valley. The major benefit of the 6.8km (04.2miles) toll road is that it bypasses 24 sets of traffic lights, potentially saving 15 minutes of travel time, and provides an additional Brisbane River crossing. The concrete road includes 4.8km (03miles) of tunnel and 18 bridges.[10] It has two lanes of traffic in each direction via parallel tubes.[11] There are 41 cross-passages spaced every 120m (390feet) in the tunnel for use in emergencies.[11] Access from the southern end is via Shaftson Avenue, Ipswich Road and the Pacific Motorway.[10] Northern connections include Lutwyche Road, the Inner City Bypass and the Airport Link tunnel.[10]

There is a smoke reduction ceiling to rapidly draw out smoke in case of a fire or explosion.[12] The ventilation system incorporates 100 jet fans.[11] The speed limit is 80km/h [4] and there are 165 emergency phones.[13] The eight speed cameras form Queensland's highest concentration of fixed speed detection devices and have been justified as a way of reducing the potential for high-speed crashes.[14] A traffic control centre staffed by 50 personnel continually monitors the tunnel using 250 cameras.[11]

Steel and aluminium sculptures at the entrances act as transitional light filters. They were designed by architect John Ilett, who also designed the colourful exhaust fume stacks.[15] The red and purple colours were inspired by the jacaranda and poinciana trees.[16] Included in the design are a series of urban enhancements such as parklands and road widening in adjacent suburbs.

History

Tender process

The successful tenderer, Rivercity Motorway Limited, was announced by Brisbane Lord Mayor Campbell Newman on 27 April 2006, beating a bid by the Brisconnections consortium.[17] Contracts for design and construction were awarded to Leighton Contractors and a Baulderstone/Bilfinger Berger joint venture.[18] [19] Transurban declined to place a tender because of risk-return factors.[20]

The losing bid by the Brisconnections consortium incorporated three lanes of traffic in each direction (as opposed to two lanes for the winning bid). With a price difference of A$20 million the decision to build a two-lane tunnel was criticised in some circles as short-sighted.[17] Brisconnections won the tender for the Airport Link with a similarly aggressive bid that requires almost double the traffic anticipated by government to be successful.

One of the reasons for building the tunnel as a public-private partnership was that it should reduce Brisbane City Council's risks regarding construction and operation. However, the public disclosure documents released by Rivercity Motorway indicate that there are still considerable uncosted risks left with Council. For example, a 10 m extension was required for the exhaust stack at the Woolloongabba end of the tunnel and the full cost by the council.

Public offering

The initial offer was for shares at $1.00 with 50% deferred for 12 months.[21] The shares were listed on the ASX at $0.46, 8% below the offer price, and by August 2010 have traded for as little as $0.019. Dividends were discontinued in September 2008. The ASX issuer code for the Rivercity Motorway Group is RCY.

The tunnel was acquired by Queensland Motorways in a $618 million deal with the RiverCity Motorway receivers in 2013.[9] A Transurban-led consortium acquired Queensland Motorways and its road assets in July 2014.

Construction

Construction commenced in September 2006.[22] At the start of the project it was the longest road tunnel being built in the country.[23] 3.5 million tonnes of excavated rock was removed by conveyor, stored in silos and taken away by truck.[22] During a typical weekday period more than 25 trucks per hour were hauling removed soil and rock along Kingsford Smith Drive to an area near the Brisbane Airport.[12]

During construction all 1,700 staff and visitors inside the tunnel could be located at any time using an RFID tagging system that transmits a person's location wirelessly.[24] The system was designed to monitor site access and asset location and improve safety and efficiency in a high-profile and potentially hazardous worksite.

Difficult drilling conditions, due to the very hard Brisbane tuff rock under inner Brisbane, were encountered and overcome. Both purpose-built double-shield boring machines began on the northern end, with the first arriving in Brisbane in July 2007 and cutting commencing in December after testing.[17] At the time, the tunneling machines were the biggest in the world, weighing 4,000 tonnes and being 250m (820feet) in length.[25] Each machine cost A$50 million to build.[17] The boring machines of 12.34m (40.49feet) diameter each were built by the German firm Herrenknecht and can dig up to 20m (70feet) per day. When finished the boring machines had placed 37,000 precast linings.[17] Smaller roadheader machines began from the southern end in February 2007.By September 2008, TBM 2 (named Florence) had reached Kangaroo Point on the southern side of the Brisbane River; TBM 1 (named Matilda), which began in March 2008, was still tunneling under the river. By this time bridges had reached the final construction stages at the Northern Portal and the Morrissey Street bridge in Woolloongabba. In early December 2008, Florence had connected to the eastern entrance tunnels from Shafston Avenue.[23] By April 2009 the tunnel excavation was 85% complete.[26] Florence completed tunnelling work on 16 April 2009,[27] while Matilda completed tunneling work on 26 May 2009.

There was some controversy over the environmental hazards that may be caused by construction and operation.[16] In March 2005, local residents protested construction plans primarily due to the expected air pollution from exhaust ventilation stacks.[28] One 43m (141feet) purple structure was built in Jurgens Street, Woolloongabba, another 36m (118feet) red stack was constructed in O'Connell Terrace, Bowen Hills.[16]

CLEM7 Community Open Day

The CLEM7 Community Open Day took place on 28 February 2010. It commenced with a 10km (10miles) long Clem7 Tunnel Run. The electronically timed event was limited to 5,000 participants, and runners ran through the tunnel twice, from Bowen Hills portal to the Woolloongabba portal, and back to Bowen Hills portal. Funds raised support the Royal Children’s Hospital Foundation.[29] Following the run, the public walk through the tunnel attracted 55,000 people.[30]

Public transport

Starting on 22 March 2010, a new bus route 77 runs the tunnel at a cost of $1.6 million, linking Eight Mile Plains and Chermside, completing the 30km (20miles) cross-city journey in 39 minutes every 15 minutes at peak times and 30 minutes off-peak.[31]

Tolls

Toll collection is by an electronic tolling system using an e-TAG fitted inside vehicles or by taking a photograph of the registration number, avoiding the need for vehicles to slow or stop.[19] The Linkt (formerly go via) system is used. The toll concession period is 45 years, to 2051.[10]

A toll-free period was in operation until 5 April 2010, followed by five weeks of reduced tolls.[32] Rivercity Motorway claims the toll is the lowest per kilometre of similar tunnels in Australia. An image processing fee of 47 cents is levied on vehicles without an e-tag from 15 September 2010. The tolls are expected to increase on 1 January each year according with Brisbane CPI. These toll rates are as expensive as the Sydney Cross City Tunnel which is Australia's most expensive toll road.[32]

Brisbane Mayor Cr Newman has been criticised over the tolling regime being inconsistent with his promises during the 2004 election. The promises included a tolling duration of 35 years, a toll of no more than $2.00 and a total cost of $1 billion.[33]

Due to lack of patronage, on 28 June 2010 River City Motorways announced reduced tolls of $2.00 per car from 1 July 2010 until 15 November 2010, hoping to increase traffic.[34]

On 1 January 2014, new owners Queensland Motorways increased all tolls.[35] Transurban Queensland now operates the tunnel.[36] Toll prices for the tunnel were then increased every 1 July to be in line with other Brisbane toll roads.

Patronage

The tunnel was predicted by Rivercity Motorways to carry around 60,000 trips each day.[37] Without a toll an average of 59,000 vehicles used the tunnel and when the reduced toll was payable around 20,000 vehicles used the tunnel.[38] The lower traffic volumes resulted in the toll discount period being extended to 30 June 2010,[37] and again until September.[34] After the poor patronage figures were released Rivercity Motorway shares immediately dropped by one fifth of their value, and have since declined to 0% of their initial value.[38] The peak of 27,000 vehicles was reached on 14 May 2010.[39] A new record of 34,705 vehicles was reached on 13 August 2010.[40] As of February 2012 the average volume is 21,990 vehicles per day, less than 50% of the predicted opening volume.[41] Between June 2011 and June 2012, vehicle traffic decreased by 9% to an average of 24,055 vehicles per day.[42]

The traffic estimates produced for Rivercity Motorway by Maunsell (now AECOM) include a two-year ramp-up period from opening at 60,000 to an annual average daily volume of 100,000 vehicles in 2012.[43] No ramp-up had occurred by March 2011, and the volume of 34,075 peak[40] remains below the minimum opening value estimated by Maunsell. The Maunsell forecast rises to 110,000 vehicles per day in 2014 and 135,000 in 2026. In contrast, traffic estimates produced as part of the Northern Link Supplementary EIS predict an average weekday traffic volume of 70 900 vehicles in 2014 and 92,300 in 2026 if the Northern Link is not built (over 30% less than the Maunsell estimates).[44] If Northern Link is built, these estimates fall to 65,900 in 2014 and 82,000 in 2026 (40% less than the Maunsell estimates). In the most recent Rivercity Motorway Financial Report it was noted that "if traffic assumptions over the entire concession period differed to estimates by +/-5% then the value in use would be impacted by +/-$99 million".[45]

After opening, the tunnel was found to save an average of eight minutes travel time. During the toll-free period, traffic on the Pacific Motorway, Captain Cook Bridge, inner-city bypass, and Story Bridge decreased by over 10%, while traffic on Lutwyche Road increased by over 20%. After the toll was implemented, only the Story Bridge and Inner City Bypass showed a reduction (of around 5%) in traffic compared to before the tunnel was open.[46]

The tunnel saw an average of 29,000 vehicles per day in December 2018, and dropped to 27,000 vehicles per day in December 2019.[47]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: What's your Clem to fame? . 16 March 2010 . 16 March 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120325015534/http://blogs.abc.net.au/queensland/2010/03/whats-your-clem-to-fame-first-birthday-boy-through-the-tunnel-etc.html?site=brisbane&program=612_breakfast . 25 March 2012 . dmy-all .
  2. Web site: Tunnel named after Clem Jones . Neil Hickey . 21 January 2008 . 17 December 2007 . . Queensland Newspapers . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20071219174431/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,22936175-3102,00.html . 19 December 2007 . dmy-all .
  3. Web site: North-South Bypass Tunnel . 14 April 2008 . maunsell.com . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20080501234523/http://www.maunsell.com/MarketsAndServices/41/76/index.html . 1 May 2008 . dmy-all .
  4. News: Brisbane's CLEM7 tunnel opening . 16 March 2010 . . 14 March 2010 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100322192225/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/15/2845602.htm?section=justin . 22 March 2010 . dmy-all .
  5. Web site: Traffic Surveys And Airport Link Forecasts Reinforce Rivercity Motorway Traffic Predictions . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091013152511/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/userfiles/file/Presentations/2008-07-03%20Traffic%20Update%20-%20July%2008.pdf . 13 October 2009 . dmy-all .
  6. Web site: Clem7 owners RiverCity Motorways go into receivership owing $1.3bn .
  7. Web site: RiverCity Motorway Group (Public, ASX:RCY) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170324002729/http://www.google.com/finance?client=ob&q=ASX:RCY . 24 March 2017 . dmy-all .
  8. Web site: KordaMentha appointed Receivers and Managers to the RiverCity Motorway Group . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110226083102/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/userfiles/110225%20-%20RiverCity%20Motorways%20Media%20Release.pdf . 26 February 2011 . dmy-all .
  9. Web site: Queensland Motorways reaches settlement of CLEM7 Tunnel . Queensland Motorways. 17 December 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141021092032/http://www.qldmotorways.com.au/media/News.aspx?NewsCode=503 . 21 October 2014 . dmy .
  10. Web site: Rivercity Motorway Group - Facts and Figures . 13 April 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080721190832/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/content/2044/Facts-and-Figures . 21 July 2008 . dmy-all .
  11. Project Update December 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
  12. Web site: 'Clem 7' now 1km under city . Tony Moore . 13 April 2008 . 16 July 2008 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140423030721/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/articles/2008/07/16/1216162925757.html?feed=fairfaxdigitalxml . 23 April 2014 . dmy-all .
  13. Web site: Clem 7 drive finds drama 60m down . Kelmeny Fraser . 9 June 2009 . 7 June 2009 . . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090725164235/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0%2C27574%2C25596994-3102%2C00.html . 25 July 2009 . dmy-all .
  14. Web site: Snap happy: Clem 7 speed cameras 'excessive' . Christine Kellett . 5 January 2010 . 23 November 2009 . . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20091125150526/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/snap-happy-clem-7-speed-cameras-excessive-20091123-it5j.html . 25 November 2009 . dmy-all .
  15. Web site: Matilda and Florence strip off in 24 seconds . Tony Moore . 14 November 2009 . 20 August 2009 . . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120930022621/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/matilda-and-florence-strip-off-in-24-seconds-20090820-erfw.html . 30 September 2012 . dmy-all .
  16. Web site: Colourful vents for cross-city Clem Jones Tunnel . Phil Bartsch . 13 April 2008 . 13 March 2009 . . Queensland Newspapers . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090316002752/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0%2C23739%2C25178350-3102%2C00.html . 16 March 2009 . dmy-all .
  17. Web site: North-South Bypass Tunnel, Brisbane, Australia . 13 April 2008 . roadtraffic-technology.com . SPG Media . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20080915141941/http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/northsouthbypass/ . 15 September 2008 . dmy-all .
  18. News: Clem Jones Tunnel (Clem7) - Baulderstone. Bilfinger Berger Australia. 15 February 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20091024023712/http://www.bbau.com.au/Default.aspx?aCateId=887. 24 October 2009. dmy-all.
  19. Web site: Rivercity Motorway Group - Clem Jones Tunnel . 13 April 2008 . Rivercity Motorway Pty Ltd . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080721191017/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/content/2036/Clem-Jones-Tunnel . 21 July 2008 . dmy-all .
  20. Web site: Big three infrastructure funds baulk at Brisbane tunnel . Rod Myer . 13 April 2008 . 23 March 2005 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20080919004556/http://www.smh.com.au/news/Business/Big-three-infrastructure-funds-baulk-at-Brisbane-tunnel/2005/05/22/1116700592033.html . 19 September 2008 . dmy-all .
  21. Web site: Brisbane tunnel group wants to raise $724m . Trevor Chappell . 14 April 2008 . 14 June 2006 . . The Sydney Morning Herald . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20060628014347/http://www.smh.com.au/news/business/brisbane-tunnel-group-wants-to-raise-724m/2006/06/13/1149964535753.html . 28 June 2006 . dmy-all .
  22. Web site: Rivercity Motorway Group - Construction . 13 April 2008 . Rivercity Motorway Pty Ltd . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080721190039/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/content/2039/Construction . 21 July 2008 . dmy-all .
  23. Web site: Clem Jones Tunnel joins up ahead of schedule . https://archive.today/20130115015213/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/money/story/0,26844,24765397-3102,00.html . dead . 15 January 2013 . Alison Sandy . 13 April 2008 . 8 December 2008 . . Queensland Newspapers .
  24. Web site: RFID Improves Safety, Efficiency of Brisbane Tunnel Construction . Dave Friedlos . 14 April 2008 . 17 June 2008 . RFID Journal . RFID Journal LLC . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080906221542/http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/view/4137/ . 6 September 2008 . dmy-all .
  25. Web site: Massive tunnel borer arrives in Brisbane . 13 April 2008 . 15 June 2007 . ABC News . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20080117003148/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/07/15/1978965.htm . 17 January 2008 . dmy-all .
  26. Web site: Project Update April 2009 . 13 April 2008 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20090915204251/http://www.clem7.com.au/userfiles/file/Newsletters/Project%20Update%20April%202009.pdf . 15 September 2009 . dmy-all .
  27. Web site: Clem-7 drill breaks through . Thea Phillips . 16 April 2008 . 16 April 2008 . ABC News . .
  28. Web site: Protesters rally against Brisbane tunnel . 13 April 2008 . 19 March 2005 . ABC News . .
  29. News: Opening Events. Rivercity Motorway Pty Ltd. 15 February 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100204102433/http://www.clem7.com.au/content/2174/OPENING-EVENTS. 4 February 2010. dmy-all.
  30. News: Brisbane tunnel public walk attracts 55,000 . Anna Caldwell . 28 February 2010 . 1 March 2010 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100303075507/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,1,26786832-952,00.html . 3 March 2010 . dmy-all .
  31. Web site: 77 in Clem 7 crosses north-south divide . Minister for Transport The Honourable Rachel Nolan . 1 March 2010 . 1 March 2010 . Ministerial Media Statements . Queensland Government . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110716094539/http://www.cabinet.qld.gov.au/MMS/StatementDisplaySingle.aspx?id=68693 . 16 July 2011 . dmy-all .
  32. Web site: More discounts for Clem7 being considered . Darren Cartwright . 25 March 2010 . 25 March 2010 . . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100326185855/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/more-discounts-for-clem7-being-considered-20100325-qzgp.html . 26 March 2010 . dmy-all .
  33. Web site: Tunnel goes deeper . Michael Corkill . 13 April 2008 . 8 August 2006 . . Queensland Newspapers .
  34. News: Clem7 traffic hits the 30,000 mark . Tony Moore . 9 July 2010 . 3 July 2010 . . Fairfax Media . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100706072714/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/clem7-traffic-hits-the-30000-mark-20100703-zuo0.html . 6 July 2010 . dmy-all .
  35. Web site: New Clem7 Tolls and Fees from January 1. Clem Jones Tunnel. 3 January 2014 . Queensland Motorways. 5 January 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140104131245/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/translink-fare-hike-to-make-brisbane-australias-most-expensive-20140103-30910.html. 4 January 2014. dmy-all.
  36. Web site: Brisbane. Transurban. 15 October 2021. 27 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211027050421/https://www.transurban.com/roads-and-projects/brisbane. live.
  37. News: Motorists continue to shun Clem7 . Cameron Atfield . 15 May 2010 . 4 May 2010 . . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100507180809/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/business/motorists-continue-to-shun-clem7-20100504-u5l1.html . 7 May 2010 . dmy-all .
  38. News: Clem7 operator considers discount toll as patronage falls below expectations . Ursula Heger . 15 May 2010 . 3 May 2010 . . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110203021542/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/clem7-operator-considers-discount-toll-as-patronage-falls-below-expectations/story-e6freoof-1225861291304 . 3 February 2011 . dmy-all .
  39. News: Northern Link tunnel toll 'similar' to Clem7 . Tony Moore . 15 May 2010 . 14 May 2010 . . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100516180331/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/northern-link-tunnel-toll-similar-to-clem7-20100514-v4ao.html . 16 May 2010 . dmy-all .
  40. Web site: Traffic Volumes - August 10 . Rivercity Motorway . 29 August 2010 . 29 August 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110706111645/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/userfiles/file/Traffic/Traffic%202010/Daily%20Traffic%20Volumes%20August%202010(16).pdf . 6 July 2011 . dmy-all .
  41. Web site: CLEM7 Daily Trips – February 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120321065115/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/userfiles/file/Daily%20Traffic%20Volumes%20February%202012%20(23).pdf . 21 March 2012 . dmy-all . 29 February 2012 .
  42. News: Clem7 struggles may take toll on Airport Link . Tony Moore . 20 July 2012 . 17 July 2012 . Brisbane Times . Fairfax Media . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120719230649/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/clem7-struggles-may-take-toll-on-airport-link-20120716-226ks.html . 19 July 2012 . dmy-all .
  43. Web site: Traffic Update - July 08 . Rivercity Motorway . 21 October 2009 . 3 July 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091013152511/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/userfiles/file/Presentations/2008-07-03%20Traffic%20Update%20-%20July%2008.pdf . 13 October 2009 . dmy-all .
  44. Web site: Northern Link Environmental Impact Statement - Supplementary Report . SKM Connell Wagner Joint Venture . 21 October 2009 . 1 June 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091012085406/http://www.northernlinkeis.com.au/pdf/SuppReport/Vol1/Supplementary%20Report%20Final%20300609.pdf . 12 October 2009 . dmy-all .
  45. Web site: Final Financial Report 30 June 2009 . Rivercity Motorway . 21 October 2009 . 22 September 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091013150930/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/userfiles/file/ASX%20Announcements/Final%20Financial%20Report%2030%20June%202009.pdf . 13 October 2009 . dmy-all .
  46. Web site: ASX Investor Presentation 10 May 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110218234324/http://www.rivercitymotorway.com.au/userfiles/file/ASX%20Announcements/Investor%20Presentation_10%20May%202010.pdf . 18 February 2011 . dmy-all .
  47. Web site: Moore . Tony . 2020-02-11 . Toll traffic up on Brisbane city fringes but down in inner-city . 2022-04-14 . Brisbane Times . en . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011611/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/toll-traffic-up-on-brisbane-city-fringes-but-down-in-inner-city-20200211-p53zpd.html . live .