North China Transportation Company | |
Native Name: | 華北交通株式会社 |
Native Name Lang: | ja |
Romanized Name: | Japanese Hepburn: Kahoku Kōtsū kabushiki gaisha Chinese pinyin: Huáběi Jiāotōng Zhūshì Huìshè |
Image Alt: | A bus of the North China Transportation Company |
Type: | Private KK |
Industry: | Railway, Transportation |
Predecessors: | --> |
Successors: | --> |
Founded: | 1938 |
Defunct: | 1945 |
Hq Location City: | Beijing |
Hq Location Country: | |
Area Served: | east-central China |
Services: | Railway transport, Bus transport |
Profit: | --> |
Profit Year: | --> |
Equity: | 50 million yen |
Owners: | --> |
Num Employees: | 110,000 |
Parent: | South Manchuria Railway |
Slogans: | --> |
Homepage: | --> |
The North China Transportation Company (華北交通株式会社, Japanese: Kahoku Kōtsū kabushiki gaisha, Chinese: Huáběi Jiāotōng Zhūshì Huìshè) was a transportation company in the territory of the collaborationist Provisional Government of the Republic of China during the Japanese occupation.
After Japan occupied a large part of northern China during the Sino-Japanese War, it set up a puppet government known as the Provisional Government of the Republic of China. In 1938, the Provisional Government nationalised the various railway and bus companies in its jurisdiction, after which the South Manchuria Railway set up a subsidiary, called the North China Transportation Company, to operate the railways and bus services within the Provisional Government's territory. With its headquarters in Beijing, the NCTC at its peak employed 110,000 people, of which 70% were Chinese. The company was liquidated in 1945 following Japan's defeat in the Pacific War, and the railways were taken over by the China Railway.
Amongst the railway companies that were nationalised were:
Locomotives of the North China Transportation Company used the same classification system used by the South Manchuria Railway between 1938 and 1945.
Class | Numbers | Original owner | Original class & numbers | Wheel arr. | Builder | Total in class | Year built | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1501−1506~ | Class 40: 41−46~ | >6 | 1879 | [1] | |||||
1501−1504 | ? | 2-6-4T | Baldwin | 4 | 1906 | [2] | |||
1501−1504~ | Jingsui Railway | Class 20: 21−24~ | 2-6-4ST | Dübs and Company | >4 | 1892 | [3] | ||
1501−1507 | Class 600: 601−607 | 2-10-0 | 7 | 1937 | [4] | ||||
1501− | ? | 0-8-0 | Japan | [5] | |||||
1501− | Jiaoji Railway | 0-8-0 | ? | 1905 | [6] | ||||
1501−1508~ | Jiaoji Railway | Class 10: 11−18~ | 0-6-2T | >8 | 1900 | Forney locomotive.[7] | |||
1501−1507~ | Beining Railway | Class 47: 47−53~ | 0-6-2T | Baldwin | >7 | 1897 | Forney locomotive.[8] | ||
1501−1504 | Jingsui Railway | Class 20: 21−24 | 4 | 1908 | [9] | ||||
1501−1504 | Jingsui Railway | Class 70: 71−74 | Baldwin | 4 | 1911 | [10] | |||
1501−1507 | Jingsui Railway | Class 90: 91−97 | 7 | 1914 | Superheated.[11] | ||||
1501−1507 | Jingsui Railway | Class 200: 201−207 | 2-8-8-2 | ALCo | 7 | 1921 | Largest steam locomotives exported from the United States; used on Badaling slope.[12] [13] | ||
1501−1520 | 270 | 1938 | "New National Big Mika" (新國大ミカ). First 20 transferred from Manchukuo National Railway.[14] | ||||||
1521−1769 | new for NCTC | -- | 1939−1945 | "New National Big Mika" (新國大ミカ). New for NCTC. | |||||
1501−1505 | ミカロ640–644 | Kisha Seizō, others | 120 | 1938−1944 | First five transferred from Manchukuo National in 1938. | ||||
1506−1620 | new for NCTC | -- | 72 of the 115 new for NCTC were built by Kisha Seizō in 1938-1939 and 1943-1944. | ||||||
ミカナ Mikana | 201−224 | 2-8-2 | 21+ | 1913−1924 | Built by North British, assembled by Tangshan. | ||||
MK xxx | ALCo | 50 | |||||||
Jingsui Railway | Class 300: 301−346 | 2-8-2 | ALCo | 46 | 1922 | ||||
Jiaoji Railway | Class 600: 601−604 | 2-8-2 | Hudswell Clarke, Shahekou | >4 | 1931 | ||||
1501−1545 | new for NCTC | -- | 2-8-2 | 45 | 1939 | [15] | |||
1501−1508 | Beining Railway | Class 140: 141−148 | 2-8-2 | North British/Tangshan | 8 | 1903−1908 | |||
1511−1532 | Class 150: 151−172 | 22 | 1914−1916 | ||||||
モガニ Mogani | Beining Railway | Class 60: 61−72 | Baldwin | 12 | 1897−1899 | [16] | |||
? | 6 | 1900−1903 | |||||||
1501−1533 | Beining Railway | Class 90: 91−123 | 2-6-0 | Dübs/North British/Tangshan | 33 | 1900–1903 | [17] | ||
モガシ Mogashi | Jingsui Railway | Class 10: 10−19 | 2-8-2 | North British/Tangshan | 10 | 1908−1909 | Built by North British, assembled by Tangshan. | ||
Jinpu Railway | ? | Baldwin | 28 | 1909 | |||||
? | North British/Tangshan | 12 | 1910 | ||||||
Beining Railway | ? | North British/Tangshan | 4 | 1919−1920 | |||||
Class 230: 231−241 | North British/Tangshan | 11 | 1923−1928 | ||||||
1501−1537 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 2-6-0 | 37 | 1902−1905 | [18] | |||
1541−1543 | 3 | 1905 | [19] | ||||||
1501−1503~ | Jinghan Railway | Class 100: 101−103~ | 2-6-0 | Fives-Lille | >3 | 1901 | [20] | ||
1501−1506 | Jinpu Railway | ? | 2-6-0 | 6 | 1910−1911 | [21] | |||
1511−1524 | Class 30: 30−43 | 14 | 1911? | ||||||
1501−1515 | Longhai Railway | ? | 2-6-0 | Vulcan (UK) | 15 | 1916−1919 | [22] | ||
1501−15xx | Jinghai Railway | Class 90: 91−x | 2-6-0 | Baldwin | ? | 1901 | |||
1501−1502 | ? | 2-6-0 | ALCo | 2 | 1913, 1918 | ||||
パシイ Pashii | Jingsui Railway | ? | ALCo | 20 | 192x | ||||
Beining Railway | Class 180: 180−189 | Baldwin | 10 | 1920−1925 | [23] | ||||
Jiaoji Railway | Class 400: 400−408 | ALCo | 8 | 1921 | |||||
Class 400: 409−410 | Kisha Seizō | 2 | 1922 | ||||||
パシサ Pashisa | new for NCTC | -- | 4-6-2 | Hitachi | 20 | 1938 | "New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ). | ||
Kisha Seizō | 30 | 1939−1940 | "New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ). | ||||||
1501−1512 | MNR | パシロ566–569, 571–578 | 4-6-2 | Kawasaki, Nippon Sharyō, Hitachi | 12 | 1937 | Superheated express passenger locomotives. First 12 transferred from Manchukuo National. | ||
1513−1589 | new for NCTC | -- | Kawasaki | 57 | 1941–1944 | ||||
パシナ Pashina | Jinpu Railway | ? | 4-6-2 | ALCo | 12 | 1921 | |||
Class 410: 410−417 | North British | 8 | 1933 | ||||||
1501−1510 | Beining Railway | ? | 2-6-2T | North British | 10 | 1887 | |||
1511−1516 | ? | 2-6-2 | 6 | 1914 | |||||
1521−1522 | Jingsui Railway | ? | 2-6-2ST | 2 | 1908 | ||||
プレロ Purero | Beining Railway | Class 20: 20−24 | 2-6-2T | North British/Tangshan | 17 | 1921−1925 | |||
Beining Railway | Class 25: 25−xx | 2-6-2 | ? | 1923−1927 | [24] | ||||
Class 150: 150−154~ | 2-6-2 | Baldwin | ? | 1914 | |||||
? | 2-6-2T | North British/Tangshan | ? | 1891−1896 | |||||
プレナ Purena | Jingsui Railway | ? | 2-6-2 | Baldwin | ? | 1921 | |||
? | ? | 1909 | [25] | ||||||
1501−15xx | Jingsui Railway | ? | 2-6-2 | Baldwin | ? | 1911 | |||
1501−1540 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 2-6-2 | 40 | 1920−1923 | [26] | |||
1541−1555 | Class 20: 20−34 | Škoda | 15 | 1936 | [27] | ||||
1561−1570 | Class 350: 350−359 | 10 | 1920−1922 | ||||||
1501−1505 | Longhai Railway | Class 50: 51−55 | 2-6-2T | Tubize | 5 | 1914 | [28] | ||
1501−1506 | Jingsui Railway | Class 25: 25−30 | 2+2+2 | Lima | 6 | 1909−1912 | 3-truck (Class C) Shay locomotive. | ||
1501−1506 | Manchukuo National | ダブロ xxx | 2-10-2T | Škoda | 6 | 1929−1930 | Originally CER class Ь 4001-4007, broad gauge; converted to standard gauge by MNR and transferred to NCTC.[29] | ||
1507 | Kawasaki | 1 | 1930 | ||||||
1501−1510 | Jinpu Railway | ? | 2-10-2 | 10 | 1935 | Similar to DRG Class 45.[30] | |||
1501 | Longhai Railway | ? | 2-10-2 | Tubize | 1 | 1937 | [31] | ||
1501−15xx | Jinghan Railway | Class 60: 60−xx | 0-6-0T | ? | 1901 | [32] | |||
1501−1508 | Longhai Railway | ? | 2-8-0 | Tubize | 8 | 1925 | [33] | ||
1511−15xx | ? | ? | 1935−1936 | [34] | |||||
ソリシ Sorishi | ? | 2-8-0 | ? | 18 | 1919 (to China) | 18 ROD 2-8-0 bought by Huning Railway in 1919. | |||
? | North British | 3 | 1926 (to China) | 3 ROD 2-8-0 bought by Shenhai Railway in 1926. | |||||
Beining Railway | ? | Baldwin | 16 | 1920 | |||||
1501−1650 | various | 2-8-0 | Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, JGR Ogura Works | 150 | 1938−1939 (to China) | JGR Class 9600 locomotives converted to standard gauge and delivered to NCTC.[35] | |||
1501−1510 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 2-8-0 | ALCo | 10 | 1917 | |||
テホニ Tehoni | Jiaoji Railway | Class 70: 70−75 | 4-6-0 | 6 | 1910−1911 | [36] | |||
? | 17 | 1901−1905 | |||||||
Jinpu Railway | ? | 12 | 1910 | ||||||
1501−1510~ | Beining Railway | Class 110: 110−119~ | 4-6-0 | North British/Tangshan | >10 | 1910−1919 | Rebuilt with superheaters in the late 1930s.[37] | ||
1501−1505 | Jiaoji Railway | Class 300: 301−305 | 4-6-0 | 5 | 1913 | [38] | |||
1501−1511~ | ? | ? | 4-6-0 | Henschel, Hanomag | >11 | 1910−1913 | [39] | ||
1501−1510 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 4-6-0 | Tubize? | 10 | 1913−1914 | [40] | ||
1501−1532 | Jinghan Railway | Class 200: 201−232 | 4-6-0 | France | 32 | 1904−1907 | [41] | ||
1541−1550 | Longhai Railway | ? | 10 | 1909 |
Class | Numbers | Original owner | Original class & numbers | Wheel arr. | Builder | Total in class | Year built | Image | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1501−1550~ | Class 300: 300−349 | ~50 | 1937 | 1000 mm.[42] | ||||||
1501−1550~ | Tongpu Railway | Class 350: 350−399~ | 2-10-0 | ~50 | 1936 | 1000 mm.[43] | ||||
1501−1530 | Class 100: 100−129 | 0-6-4T | ? | 1906 | 1000 mm. Forney locomotive. | |||||
1501−15xx | Tongpu Railway | Class 100: 100−1xx | <10 | 1908 | ||||||
1501−1503~ | Tongpu Railway | Class 110: 110−112~ | 2-6-0 | Henschel | >3 | 1934−1935 | 1067 mm.[44] | |||
1501−15xx | 2-6-0 | Kawasaki (78625) | ? | 1924 (78625) | 1067 mm. JGR Class 8620 supplied second-hand after 1938. | |||||
1501−1560 | Japanese Government Railways | Class C12: 101-102 103-105 106 107-109 110-113 114-135 136-138 139-143 144-147 148-154 155-156 157-160 | 2-6-2T | Nippon Sharyō Mitsubishi Kawasaki Kisha Seizō Hitachi Kawasaki Hitachi Nippon Sharyō Kawasaki Kisha Seizō Nippon Sharyō Kisha Seizō | 60 | 1935-1937 | 1067 mm. JGR Class C12 converted to 1000 mm and shipped to NCTC. | |||
1501−1502 | ? | ? | 2-6-2 | Kawasaki | 2 | |||||
シカ Shika | 1501−1505~ | Tongpu Railway | 0-6-0T | 1? | 1913 | 1067 mm.[45] | ||||
1? | 1910 | 762 mm. | ||||||||
Japan | >1 | 1921 | ||||||||
Zhengtai Railway | France | >1 | 1905 | [46] | ||||||
1501−1526 | Japanese Government Railway | Clasa 9050: ? | various | 26 | 1937−1938 (regauged) | 1067 mm. JGR Class C12 converted to 1000 mm and shipped to NCTC. |
The North China Transportation Company ran a number of long-distance trains, both within China and in conjunction with the South Manchuria Railway and the Chosen Government Railway. Notable trains include the "Tairiku" ("Continental") and "Kōa" limited express trains between Beijing and Busan, Korea. The "Tairiku" entered service in 1938, making the trip from Busan to Beijing in 37.5 hours in 1940; the train was discontinued in 1944. The observation car used on this train is preserved at the Beijing Railway Museum. The "Kōa" was put into operation in 1939, making the same trip in 39.5 hours in 1940, but by 1945 the trip took 49 hours. The "Kōa" was discontinued after the Japanese defeat in the Pacific War.