Monemvasia Mosque Explained

Building Name:Monemvasia Mosque
Map Type:Greece
Map Size:220px
Location:Monemvasia, Greece
Religious Affiliation:Islam
Region:Peloponnese
State:Greece
Prefecture:Laconia
Municipality:Monemvasia
Status:Museum
Architecture Type:Mosque
Year Completed:16th century
Dome Quantity:1
Dome Height Outer:8.5 m.
Minaret Quantity:1 (destroyed)
Materials:Brick and stone

The Mosque of Monemvasia (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Τζαμί Μονεμβασίας, Turkish: Benefşe Camii) is a historical Ottoman religious building located in the lower medieval town of Monemvasia, Peloponnese, Greece. Following Greece's independence in 1830, it was briefly used as a prison. The restored old mosque has housed the city's archaeological collection since 1999.

History

In November 1540, the Ottomans took possession of Monemvasia, then ruled by the Republic of Venice. Soon after the conquest, a mosque was erected south of the central square of the lower town, opposite of the Metropolitan Church of Christos Elkomenos. According to the local tradition, the building was built on the site of a 16th-century Venetian church dedicated to Saint Peter, bishop of Monemvasia in the eighth century.[1] However, no archaeological evidence seems to attest to an initial presence of a church in the current architecture of the crypts in the lower parts of the monument. According to historian Charis Kalliga, an unfinished Venetian loggia would more likely have preceded the mosque.

During the second Venetian rule of Monemvasia (1690–1715), the building was converted into a hospice, probably on the initiative of Capuchin monks, or perhaps into a church dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua. It was reconverted to Muslim worship upon the second Ottoman domination (1715–1821), and then it became a prison upon the independence of Greece in 1830, as attested by the diplomat Thomas Wyse. At the beginning of the 20th century, when the architect and historian Ramsay Traquair visited Monemvasia, the place served as a café.[2] [3]

Since 1999, following restoration work, the old mosque has housed Monemvasia's archaeological collection as well as the offices of the 5th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities.[4] [5] In particular, marble remains of a 12th-century church, sculpted elements from the church of Hagia Sophia, ceramics and everyday objects from the early Christian period to the end of the Ottoman period are on display.[6] [7]

Architecture

The architecture of the monument is nowadays difficult to decipher because of successive reconstructions and changes of use. The building currently has a square prayer hall with an interior side of 6.5 metres, a rectangular extension to the west, while on the north side, a two-storey room now serves as a reception for visitors and a offices for the archaeological service. The mihrab and the porch are not preserved. The dome, originally culminating at 8.5 metres in height, rests on four squinches. The minaret, no longer surviving, once occupied the southwest corner.

See also

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Charis A. . Kalliga . Byzantine Monemvasia . . 1987 . 2022-05-31 . 338.
  2. Web site: . Monemvasia Archaeological Collection History . www.odysseus.culture.gr . 2022-05-31.
  3. Norbert Schoenauer . Monemvasia revisited. A long-forgotten island city still has many lessons to teach . Fifth Column . 2. 2. 1982 . 31.
  4. Web site: . Monemvasia Archaeological Collection Description . www.odysseus.culture.gr . 2022-05-31.
  5. Book: Dimitriou, Louisa . Greek . Πρόταση αποκατάστασης και επανάχρησης κτιριακού συγκροτήματος οθωμανικού λουτρού στην Κάτω Πόλη Μονεμβασίας . Proposal for the Restoration and Reuse of an Ottoman Bath Complex in the Lower Town of Monemvasia . 2016 . . 16 . 2022-06-01.
  6. Web site: Monemvasia Archaeological Collection . www.monemvasia.gr . 2017-05-15 . 2022-06-01.
  7. Web site: Directorate of Archaeological Museums, Exhibitions and Educational Programs . Archaeological Collection of Monemvasia . www.archaeologicalmuseums.gr . . 2022-06-01.