List of sandwiches explained

This is a list of notable sandwiches.

Sandwiches are a common type of lunch food often eaten as part of a packed lunch. There are many types of sandwiches, made from a diverse variety of ingredients. The sandwich is the namesake of John Montagu, Earl of Sandwich, a British statesman. Sandwiches can also have notable cultural impact.

Major types of sandwiches include:

Sandwich cookies and ice cream sandwiches are generally not considered sandwiches in the sense of a bread-containing food item, but are named by analogy.

Sandwiches

NameImageOriginDescription
American subUnited StatesTraditionally uses sliced turkey breast, ham, roast beef, American, Swiss or Provolone cheese, chopped or shredded lettuce, tomatoes and green peppers on a roll of bread.
BaconUnited KingdomOften eaten with ketchup or brown sauce.
Bacon, egg and cheeseUnited StatesBreakfast sandwich, usually with fried or scrambled egg.
Bagel toastIsraelPressed, toasted bagel filled with vegetables and cheese and grilled on a sandwich toaster or panini press.
Baked beanUnited States (Boston area)Canned baked beans on white or brown bread, sometimes with butter.
Vietnamese: [[Bánh mì]][1] VietnamFilling is typically meat, but can contain a wide range of foods, including sardines, tofu, pâté, or eggs. Served on an airy baguette with pickled carrots and daikon radish, cilantro and jalapeño peppers.
Barbecue[2] [3] [4] United States (Texas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Alabama, Kansas, Missouri, Mississippi, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Colorado & Louisiana)Served on a bun, with chopped, sliced, or shredded meat (pulled pork, beef, or chicken typically), and sometimes topped with coleslaw.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Barros Jarpa]]ChileHam and cheese, usually Spanish; Castilian: mantecoso, which is similar to farmer cheese.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Barros Luco]]ChileBeef (usually thin-cut steak) and cheese.
Portuguese: [[Bauru (sandwich)|Bauru]]BrazilMelted cheese, roast beef, tomato, and pickled cucumber in a hollowed-out French roll.
Beef on weckUnited States
(Buffalo, New York)
Roast beef on a Kummelweck roll, often topped with horseradish.
Portuguese: [[Beirute]]BrazilMelted cheese, sliced fresh tomatoes with oregano, lettuce leaves, roast beef on pita bread with mayonnaise.
Portuguese: [[Bifana]]PortugalMarinated pork cutlet, often served with a special sauce.
BLTUnited StatesNamed for its ingredients: bacon, lettuce, and tomato. Often served on toasted sliced bread spread with mayonnaise.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Bocadillo]]SpainCrisp white bread with a wide variety of fillings. Typical fillings are Spanish omelette, cold meats like jamón, sausages and cheese.
[[Bokit]]France (Guadeloupe)Guadeloupean bread fried in sunflower oil and filled with fish or meat and vegetables.
BolognaUnited StatesSliced and sometimes fried bologna sausage between slices of white bread, with various condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Bondiola]]ArgentinaSandwich made with thick slices of pork shoulder. The sandwiches are commonly sold by street food vendors and in restaurants in Argentina. The meat consists of slices of roasted or cured pork shoulder and it is usually served on crispy brioche bread. It can be topped with a variety of condiments and vegetables.[5]
German: [[Bosna (sausage)|Bosna]]AustriaUsually grilled on white bread, containing a bratwurst sausage, onions, and a blend of tomato ketchup, mustard, and curry powder.
BratwurstGermanyA popular street food in Germany, often served on a roll with mustard in which case it is a sandwich. Some vendors offer a side dish of sauerkraut or french fries.
Breakfast rollIrelandConvenience dish on a variety of bread rolls, containing such full breakfast items as sausages, bacon, white or black pudding, mushrooms, tomatoes, hash browns, and fried eggs, often eaten with ketchup or brown sauce. Designed to be eaten on the way to school or work, it can be purchased at a wide variety of petrol stations, local newsagents, supermarkets, and eateries throughout Ireland.
BreakfastTypically a scrambled or fried egg, cheese, and a sausage patty or other breakfast meat, served on a biscuit or English muffin.
Dutch; Flemish: [[Croquette#The Netherlands|Broodje kroket]]The NetherlandsSoft bread roll containing a ragout-based croquette, often eaten with mustard.
Bulkie rollNew EnglandA New England regional variety of sandwich roll, sandwiches made with bulkie rolls are very common in New England-area delicatessens, restaurants, and institutional food services. Bulkie rolls are larger and firmer than hamburger buns.
Bun kebabIndia and PakistanConsists of a shallow-fried, spicy patty, onions, and chutney or raita in a hamburger or hot dog bun.
ButifarraLima, PeruA typical street food sandwich commonly found in Lima, Peru. It is typically prepared using a special preparation of pork, locally called "country ham," with salsa criolla and lettuce inside a French bread[6] [7] or rosette.[8]
ButterbrotGermanySingle, open-faced, with butter.
Camel riderUnited States (Jacksonville, Florida)Lunch meats and Italian dressings in a pita
Italian: [[Carrozza (sandwich)|Carrozza]]ItalyBreaded and fried mozzarella sandwich.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Cemita]]MexicoSliced avocado, meat, white cheese, onions, and red sauce (Spanish; Castilian: [[Salsa (sauce)|salsa]] roja), on a fluffy sesame-seeded egg roll, originally from the city of Puebla.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Chacarero]]ChileThinly sliced Spanish; Castilian: churrasco-style steak, or Spanish; Castilian: lomito-style pork, with tomatoes, green beans, and green chiles, served on a round roll.
CheeseGlobalMade with one or more varieties of cheese, often with other ingredients, such as butter or mayonnaise. When toasted (pictured), it is commonly referred to as a grilled cheese sandwich.
Cheese dreamUnited StatesOpen-faced grilled cheese sandwich with bacon.
Cheese and pickleUnited KingdomSlices of cheese (typically Cheddar) and pickle (a sweet, vinegary chutney with the most popular brand being Branston), sandwiched between two slices of bread.
CheesesteakPennsylvania/United States (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)Thinly sliced steak and melted cheese in a hoagie roll, with additional toppings often including peppers, onions, and mushrooms, also known as a Philadelphia or Philly cheesesteak.
ChickenUnited States
Canada
Global
Chicken sandwich can contain chicken cooked in a variety of ways. In the United States, common forms of chicken sandwiches include the grilled chicken breast sandwich, the fried chicken breast sandwich, the chicken salad sandwich, and the shredded (or barbeque) chicken sandwich.
Chicken fillet rollIrelandA bread roll filled with a fillet of processed chicken. It is a ubiquitous deli item in Ireland, served hot.
Chicken saladGlobal Sandwich prepared with chicken salad as a filling.
Australia, New Zealand and AustriaSandwich of crumbed, pan-fried chicken fillet, on buttered bread, with shredded iceberg lettuce and mayonnaise. An adaptation of the Austrian or Viennese schnitzel sandwich, which consists of crumbed pork, veal or chicken schnitzel on a Semmel or kaiser roll with mayonnaise or mustard and shredded lettuce. See also Cutlet sandwich, Italian.
Chili burgerUnited StatesHamburger, with the patty topped with chili con carne.
ChimichurrisDominican RepublicGround beef, chicken, or pork leg served on pan de agua and garnished with cabbage and salsa rosa.
Chip butty[9] [10] [11] [12] United KingdomSliced white bread (or a large, flat bread roll) filled with chips, usually sprinkled with salt and vinegar, curry sauce, gravy or tomato ketchup.
Chipped beefUnited States (Mid-Atlantic region and military cuisine)Sandwich prepared with thinly sliced or pressed salted and dried beef. Some chipped beef is smoked to add flavor.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Chivito (sandwich)|Chivito]]UruguayFilet mignon with mozzarella, tomatoes, mayonnaise, and commonly bacon, black or green olives, fried or hardboiled eggs, and ham
Chopped cheeseUnited States (New York, NY[13])Made on a grill with ground beef, onions, and topped by melted cheese and served with lettuce, tomatoes, and condiments on a hero roll.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Choripán]]South America, ArgentinaGrilled Spanish; Castilian: [[chorizo]], usually served on a crusty roll with salsa-type condiments, such as Spanish; Castilian: [[pebre]], Spanish; Castilian: [[salsa criolla]], or Spanish; Castilian: [[chimichurri]]. Spanish; Castilian: Morcipán is a variety of this using black pudding or blood sausage.
Chow mein sandwichUnited States (Massachusetts)Gravy-based chow mein mixture placed on a hamburger bun, served hot
Spanish; Castilian: [[Churrasco]]ChileThinly cut steak, grilled and served on a toasted bun. It can be served with almost any other ingredient, in which case its name changes to "churrasco+the new ingredient" (e.g.: churrasco palta = churrasco and avocado).
ClubUnited StatesDouble-decker sandwich made with sliced turkey or chicken, bacon, tomato, and lettuce; usually contains mayonnaise.
Conti RollPerth, Western Australiaa generous bread roll, a variety of deli meats & cheeses and then preserved vegetables, alongside other Mediterranean ingredients
Corned beefUnited States (New York City, NY)Corned beef often served with a condiment such as pickle or mustard.
CrispIreland
United Kingdom
Crisps and occasionally pickles on white bread.
French: [[Croque-monsieur]]FranceBaked or fried ham and cheese (typically Emmental or Gruyère) brioche-sandwich, sometimes coated in a mornay or béchamel sauce.
French: [[Croque-madame]]FranceSame as a croque-monsieur, but with a fried egg on top.
CubanUnited States (Tampa or Key West, Florida) Ham, roasted pork, Swiss cheese, pickles, mustard, and sometimes Genoa salami on Cuban bread, sometimes pressed and warmed in a plancha.
CucumberUnited KingdomTwo thin slices of crustless, lightly buttered white bread, containing paper-thin slices of peeled cucumber. Often as a tea sandwich.
Italian: [[Cudighi]]United StatesSpicy Italian: cudighi (a Michigan variety of Cotechino Italian sausage), on a long, hard roll, often topped with mozzarella and tomato sauce
DagwoodUnited StatesMultiple layers containing a wide variety of meats and condiments, named for Dagwood Bumstead of the comic strip Blondie.
DeliGermany, United States, United Kingdom Sandwich usually ordered at a deli; choices include type of bread (toasted or untoasted,) type of meat (cold cut), type of sliced cheese, vegetable fillings (lettuce, tomato, onion, etc.), and condiments.
DenverUnited StatesSandwich containing a Denver omelette.
Turkish: [[Döner kebab]]TurkeyDöner kebab is meat cooked on a vertical spit, normally veal or beef but also may be a mixture of these with lamb, and sometimes chicken. This may be served wrapped in a flatbread such as lavash or pita, or as a sandwich.
Donkey burgerChinaChopped or shredded savory donkey meat in a bun, sold in Baoding, Hebei Province as street food, and also in high-end restaurants.
DoublesTrinidad and TobagoTwo flat fried [[Vada (food)|bara]] (bread), containing curried chickpeas or garbanzo beans.
Doughnut sandwichUnited StatesA sandwich made with a doughnut instead of bread (can be made with fried chicken, bacon, ham, sausage, cheese, etc.)
Danish: [[Dyrlægens natmad]]DenmarkMade with a piece of dark rye bread, a layer of leverpostej, topped with a slice of salt beef and a slice of meat aspic, topped with raw onion rings and garden cress.
ElvisUnited StatesPeanut butter, banana, and bacon.
EggGlobal
  • A sandwich that contains eggs as the main component, usually sliced or chopped hard boiled eggs or egg salad. It can be mixed with mayonnaise, and seasoned with salt and black pepper; or with a mild curry powder in an Australian curried egg sandwich. [14] [15] Other versions may be made with fried or (more rarely) scrambled egg, topped with the local roe spread, locally called kaviar.
  • Eggs Benedict is an open-faced sandwich consisting of an English muffin topped with meat, eggs, and hollandaise sauce.
  • Egg spread: Polish version of egg salad, similar to a Japanese egg salad sandwich, most of the times with addition of garlic and Polish pickled cucumbers mixed in.
FalafelMiddle EastDeep-fried balls of ground, seasoned chickpeas topped with salad vegetables, hot sauce, tahini-based sauces, and pickled vegetables, wrapped in or added to the pocket of a split-open pita bread.
German: [[Fischbrötchen]]Germany
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Crusty bread rolls filled with fish (most commonly Bismarck or soused herring) and onions.
Fishcake buttyUnited Kingdom (Northern England)Commonly served in fish and chip shops, especially in the North of England. It consists of a fish cake (either the scollop/"Yorkshire" style made with a piece of fish fillet sandwiched between thick slices of potato, battered and fried; or with the rissole type of fishcake made with mashed potato mixed with flakes of fish and battered and fried) served in a soft white bread roll. Some fish and chip shops may offer both types. The fish used for both types is a white fish, often haddock.
Fish fingerUnited KingdomA common British comfort food.
FluffernutterUnited States (Massachusetts)Peanut butter and marshmallow creme.
Fool's Gold LoafUnited States (Colorado)Consists of a single warmed, hollowed-out loaf of bread filled with one jar of creamy peanut butter, one jar of grape jelly, and a pound of bacon. In 1976, Elvis Presley and some of his friends flew to Colorado to consume them.[16]
Portuguese: [[Francesinha]]PortugalWet-cured ham, Portuguese: [[linguiça]], fresh sausage, steak or other roast meat, topped with melted cheese, a hot thick tomato and beer sauce.
Portuguese: [[Francesinha poveira]]PortugalBun with wet-cured ham, Portuguese: [[linguiça]], and cheese, sauced with butter or margarine, piri-piri, and port wine, whiskey, cognac, or brandy.
French dipUnited States (Los Angeles, California)Thinly sliced roast beef on a baguette, served hot, usually French: [[au jus]] (with juice).
Arabic: [[Fricasse]]TunisiaA deep-fried pastry cut in half and filled with tuna, hard boiled egg, olives, harissa, preserved lemons, capers and mashed potato, with turmeric as a condiment.
Fried brainUnited StatesSliced pork or calves' brain, battered and deep-fried, on rye bread or hamburger bun, often served with pickles, raw onion, and mustard.
GatsbySouth AfricaDeli-style sandwich similar to the hoagie, often containing french fries, with other variations, prepared with masala steak, chicken, polony, Vienna sausages, calamari, fish, or chargrilled steak.
GerberUnited States (St. Louis, Missouri)Half section of Italian or French bread with garlic butter, containing ham and Provel cheese, topped with paprika, then toasted.
Gilgeori toastSouth KoreaKorean street toasted sandwich with omelet, ham, shredded cabbage and other vegetables, with a topping of sugar, ketchup, mayonnaise and mustard.[17] [18]
Glasgow OysterUnited Kingdom (Scotland)A scotch pie on a morning roll
Spanish; Castilian: [[Guacamaya]]MexicoSpanish; Castilian: [[Bolillo]] containing fried pork rind (chicharron), beans and a sauce made of tomato, onion and chile (Pico de gallo). Found in Leon, Guanajuato.
Grilled CheeseUnited States United Kingdom
Canada
A slice of bread grilled with melty cheese.
Chinese: [[Gua bao]]ChinaFujianese sandwich consisting of a slice of stewed meat and other condiments sandwiched between flat steamed bread.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Guajolota]]Mexico (Mexico City)Tamale in a Mexican Spanish; Castilian: [[bolillo]] roll. A very common morning street food in Mexico City. It is also called Spanish; Castilian: torta de tamal.
Greek, Modern (1453-);: [[Gyros|Gyro]]Greece
Cyprus
"Greek, Modern (1453-);: Pita gyro" or "Greek, Modern (1453-);: psomaki gyro", depending on the type of bread used, includes meat roasted on a vertical spit, with tomato, potatoes, raw, often red onion and tzatziki sauce, wrapped in pita or sandwich bread.
Dutch; Flemish: [[sprinkles|Hagelslag]] or Dutch; Flemish: [[vlokken]]The NetherlandsChocolate sprinkles or flakes usually served on buttered bread.
HamGlobal (such as France, United States, United Kingdom)May be accompanied by cheese or salad. Condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, or pickle may be present.
Ham and cheeseUnited States
Global
Common sandwich prepared with ham and sliced cheese. Additional ingredients may include lettuce, tomato, mayonnaise, and other ingredients.
Ham and egg bunHong KongSliced Danish canned ham with sliced scrambled egg sheet in a halved sweet bun.
HamburgerGround beef patty, often with vegetables, sauces and other meats, usually on a round bun. A cheeseburger is also topped with cheese.
HamdogAustraliaHot dog wrapped in a beef patty, deep-fried, then covered with chili, a few french fries, and a fried egg.
HaniUnited States (Detroit, Michigan)Chopped fried chicken wrapped with lettuce, tomatoes, and cheese in a pita spread with mayonnaise
HandwichUnited States (Walt Disney World, Florida)A cone-shaped piece of bread with a filling, intended to be held and eaten with one hand. Similar to an ice cream cone or a bread bowl.
Har cheong gai burgerSingaporeChinese: [[Har cheong gai]] (chicken fried with fermented shrimp paste) in a sesame seed bun with salad and mayonnaise.
HorseshoeUnited States (Springfield, Illinois)Thick-sliced, toasted, open-faced sandwich, it usually contains hamburger patties or ham, but other meat, such as deep-fried pork tenderloin, grilled or fried chicken breast, and fried fish fillets, can be used. The meat is topped with French fries and covered with a cheese sauce.
Hot brownUnited States (Louisville, Kentucky)Open-faced with turkey and bacon, topped with mornay sauce, and baked or broiled. Variation of Welsh rarebit.
Indian tacoUnited StatesSeasoned beef or beans topped with lettuce, diced tomatoes, cheese, and other condiments on Indigenous frybread, often folded.
Italian beefItaly
United States (Chicago, Illinois)
Thin slices of seasoned, juicy roast beef, often garnished with Italian: [[giardiniera]] or Italian sweet peppers, on a dense, long Italian-style roll.
ItalianUnited StatesPrepared on a long bread roll or bun with meats such as salami, mortadella and capicolla along with cheese, tomato, olive oil, salt and black pepper.
JamUnited KingdomButtered bread, with fruit jam/conserve, normally eaten at lunchtime or as a quick snack, may also be eaten at breakfast or for tea.
French: [[Jambon-beurre]] FranceFrench baguette with butter and ham. Also known as "French: Parisien," it is the most popular sandwich in France.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Jesuita (sandwich)|Jesuita]]ArgentinaHam and cheese sandwiched between two pieces of puff pastry and brushed with a sweet glaze[19] [20] [21]
Spanish; Castilian: [[Jibarito]]United States (Chicago, Illinois)Meat, cheese, lettuce, and tomato, between flattened, fried green plantains (instead of bread), with garlic-flavored mayonnaise.
Jucy LucyUnited States (Minneapolis, Minnesota)Cheeseburger with the cheese inside the meat patty rather than on top.
Katsu sandoJapanBreaded, deep-fried pork cutlet (tonkatsu).
Kabuli burgerPeshawar, Pakistan and AfghanistanA flat bread wrap with chips and sausage seasoned with salt, chili powder and curry sauce or ketchup.
Kaisers JagdproviantAustriaFinger sandwich with ham, pickles, eggs and cheese.
Lao: [[Khao Jee Pâté]]LaosSimilar to Vietnam's Vietnamese: [[bánh mì]], it is a street food prepared using pork liver pâté,[22] stuffed with pork or Lao sausage,[23] sliced papaya, carrots, shallots or onion, cucumber, cilantro and sometimes Jeow bong or chili sauce.
KokoretsiAnatolia and Balkans and especially GreeceLamb or goat intestines, containing seasoned offal.
German: [[Kottenbutter]]GermanyButtered brown bread with smoked pork sausage (German: Kottenwurst), fresh onion rings, and spicy mustard.
Turkish: [[Kumru (sandwich)|Kumru]]TurkeyTurkish sandwich featuring pre-griddled cheese on a special bun enriched with chickpea flour. Turkish: Kumru translates to "turtledove" in Turkish.
Italian: [[Lampredotto]]ItalySandwich with a slow-cooked cattle abomasum.
German: [[Leberkäse]]Austria, Switzerland and southern GermanyMeatloaf-like dish which, despite the name, may contain neither liver nor cheese. It is commonly served on a Kaiser roll with mustard or mayonnaise.
LimburgerUnited States
Russia
They are typically prepared with buttered rye bread, Limburger cheese, sliced onion and mustard. Pictured is Limburger cheese and bread.
Lobster rollUnited States (United States Northeast), Canada (Canada Maritime provinces), United Kingdom (England)Lobster meat tossed with either mayonnaise ("cold") or drawn butter ("hot") stuffed into a slit opening at the top of a grilled bread roll or hot dog bun.
LoxUnited StatesLox on a bagel with cream cheese, thinly sliced onion, capers, and sometimes sliced tomato.
Luther burgerUnited StatesHamburger or cheeseburger on glazed doughnuts instead of a bun.
MarmaladeUnited KingdomWhite bread, butter and orange marmalade, popularized by the Paddington books by Michael Bond.
MarmiteUnited KingdomMarmite spread thinly with butter or margarine onto toast or bread. Sometimes combined with cheddar cheese.
German: [[Matschbrötchen]]GermanyGerman Brötchen with Marshmallow and Chocolate inside
MeatballUnited StatesMeatballs in marinara sauce, with melted Parmesan or provolone cheese, on a long bun or section of Italian loaf. Might include Italian-style accompaniments such as bell peppers, basil, or Italian-dressed lettuce.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Medianoche]]CubaRoast pork, ham, mustard, Swiss cheese, and dill pickles served on sweet bread.
MeltUnited StatesGeneric sandwich containing a filling and a layer of cheese, grilled or fried until the cheese is melted.
German: [[Mett#Serving styles|Mettbrötchen]]GermanyOpen sandwich consisting of a sliced bun, topped with German: [[Mett]] (seasoned minced raw pork without bacon), frequently with a garnish of raw onion rings or diced raw onion.
French: [[Mitraillette]]BelgiumFrench fries and fried meat with sauce on a demi-baguette.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Mollete]]MexicoOpen sandwich consisting of a Spanish; Castilian: [[bolillo]] roll topped with refried beans, cheese and peppers, and grilled.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Montadito]][24] [25] Spain & PortugalSmall, usually grilled, and may contain a variety of fillings. Some bars offer a variety of 200 different types of these sandwiches.
Monte CristoUnited States
Switzerland
France
Sliced ham and cheese (usually Emmental or Gruyère) between slices of French toast and batter-fried. In some regions it is sprinkled with powdered sugar and served with jelly or jam. In other regions (New England), it is served savory with French mustard and no powdered sugar.
Montreal-style smoked meatCanadaSandwich made from cured and smoked brisket with yellow mustard, usually on rye bread.
MortadellaItalyAny sandwich containing mortadella, a large Italian sausage.
Mother-in-lawUnited StatesHot dog bun containing a Chicago-style corn-roll tamale, topped with chili.
MuffulettaUnited States (New Orleans, Louisiana)[26] Originated in New Orleans' Italian-American community, this contains meats, cheeses, and olive salad on a round bun.
NaanIndia, Pakistan & BangladeshVegetables or beef on naan bread.
Czech: [[Obložené chlebíčky]]Czech RepublicType of open sandwich served as an appetizer or snack.
Open-faced[27] [28] Nordic (such as Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Iceland & Estonia), United States, United KingdomConsists of a single slice of bread with one or more food items on top.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Pambazo]]MexicoMade with pambazo bread dipped in a red guajillo pepper sauce and filled with potatoes and chorizo.
French: [[Pan-bagnat]]FranceRound bread (bread bagnats) topped with green salad, tomatoes, hard-boiled eggs, tuna, anchovies, cucumbers, fava beans, artichokes, green peppers, radishes, onions, basil, and black olives. Condiments may include garlic, vinegar, olive oil, salt, and pepper. Served chilled.
PaniniItalyIn Italy, Italian: [[wikt:panino|panino]] is the word for a sandwich made from bread other than sliced bread, in which case Italians call it a Italian: tramezzino. Examples of bread types used are ciabatta, rosetta and baguette. The bread is cut horizontally and filled with deli ingredients such as salami, ham, cheese, mortadella, or other food, and is sometimes pressed by a warming grill. In the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada, the term Italian: panini is used to refer to a long pressed and toasted sandwich; there is widespread availability and use of sandwich presses, often known as "panini presses."
PanuozzoItalyPanuozzo (Italian: [panu-oˈdzːzo][3]; (plural form): panuozzi; Neapolitan: o panozzo, large panino) is an Italian sandwich of pizza bread stuffed with fillings of meat and vegetables. It was invented in 1983 by pizza chef (pizzaiolo) Giuseppe Mascolo from Gragnano near Naples, Italy.
Pastrami on ryeUnited States (New York City, NY)A sandwich made famous in the Jewish kosher delicatessens of New York City.
Pasty barmUnited Kingdom (Northern England)A meat and potato pasty in a buttered barm cake, particularly popular in Bolton.
Pattie buttyUnited Kingdom (Northern England)Consists of a pattie made from mashed potato flavoured with sage, battered and fried, in a soft white bread roll. They are sold in fish and chip shops in Kingston upon Hull and surrounding areas.
Patty meltUnited StatesConsists of a hamburger patty, pieces of sautéed or grilled onion, and Cheddar or Swiss cheese between two slices of bread.
Peameal bacon sandwichCanadaPeameal bacon, a type of back bacon, inside a kaiser roll.
Peanut butter and jellyUnited StatesJam is often used in place of jelly. Also known as a PB&J. PB&J may also be served with fresh fruit rather than jam, with thin sliced apples, pears, or bananas.
Peanut butter and pickleUnited StatesAlso known as a PB&P.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Pebete]]ArgentinaSimple Argentine sandwich, traditionally filled with cheese, cured meat, tomato, and mayonnaise. Spanish; Castilian: Pebete actually refers to the bread used for the sandwich - a soft oval bun with a spongy inside, and a thin toasted crust.
PepitoSpainSteak sandwich that is common in Mexico and Venezuela. In Spain it usually also contains aioli.
PilgrimUnited StatesRoast turkey, cranberries or cranberry sauce and cheddar cheese.
Pimento cheeseUnited StatesCommon food preparation in the Southern United States, a spread or relish made with cheese, mayonnaise, pimentos, salt and pepper, blended to either a smooth or chunky paste.[29] Regional variations incorporate additional ingredients. Also eaten in the United Kingdom (see "Tea" in this list) and the Philippines.[30]
[[Pistolette]]United States (Louisiana Creole)Stuffed and fried bread roll (sometimes called stuffed pistolettes) in the Cajun areas around Lafayette. This also refers to a type of submarine-shaped bread about half the size of a baguette that is popular in New Orleans for Vietnamese Vietnamese: [[bánh mì]] and other sandwiches.[31]
Pit beefUnited States (Baltimore, Maryland)Typically served on a kaiser roll. Popular toppings include onions and tiger sauce (mayonnaise + horseradish).
Serbian: [[Pljeskavica]]BalkansPatty dish popular in the Balkan region of Southeastern Europe, a sandwich utilizes the Pljeskavica patty and bread.
Po' boyUnited States (New Orleans, Louisiana[32])Crusty long roll split and filled with cold cuts, roasted beef or fried seafood. The New Orleans analogue to the sub or hoagie.
Polish boyUnited States (Cleveland, Ohio)Kielbasa sausage in a bun, covered with french fries, barbecue sauce (or hot sauce), and coleslaw.
PorchettaItalyA sandwich made of roast pork with Italian-type spices such as rosemary, garlic, fennel and others in varying proportions. It is popular as street food (usually sold from white trucks) throughout central Italy. It was transplanted to America in the late 19th century by Italian immigrants and is known as the "roast" pork sandwich, very popular in the northeastern United States. In America it is often served with provolone cheese and "greens" which may be spinach or broccoli raab.
Finnish: [[Porilainen]]FinlandHalf-inch slice of thick sausage, usually with diced red or sweet onion, sliced pickles, ketchup, mustard, and sometimes mayonnaise, on white bread.
Pork chop bunMacauPopular dish in Macau, the bun is extremely crisp outside and very soft inside, containing a freshly fried pork chop.
Pork rollUnited States (New Jersey)Pork roll still is the predominant term in South Jersey, but in the northern part of the state it is "Taylor ham".[33] It is grilled pork roll served several ways. This can be served with a fried egg, or a fried egg with cheese. Variations include serving with grilled pork roll and cheese or just grilled pork roll. Although classically served on a kaiser roll, bread variations include bagels, English muffins, or other breads.
Pork tenderloinUnited States (Midwest)Thin, tenderized, deep-fried pork loin, typically served on an undersized bun.
Prawn rollAustraliaCooked shrimp in a small sandwich roll, dressed with remoulade, Thousand Island dressing or cocktail sauce, sometimes garnished with boiled egg slices and lettuce.
Italian: [[Primanti]]United States (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)Selection of grilled meats topped with french fries, coleslaw, and tomato on Italian bread.
PrincessBulgariaOpen-faced toasted sandwich, usually topped with minced meat (mixed with egg and spices) and Bulgarian: [[kashkaval]], though the term could also refer to a vegetarian version topped with a mixture of Bulgarian: kashkaval, Bulgarian: [[sirene]] and egg. Could be seasoned with ketchup, mayonnaise or Bulgarian: [[chubritsa]] or Bulgarian: [[sharena sol]]. A regional term for a princess sandwich with minced meat is Bulgarian: strandzhanka.
Prosperity SandwichUnited States (St. Louis, Missouri)Ham and turkey topped with broiled cheese. Sometimes includes bacon and tomato.
Pulled porkSouthern United StatesBarbecue sandwich in which pork (usually shoulder) is smoked slowly at a low temperature until the meat becomes tender enough that it can be "pulled" or shredded with two forks. The pork is served on a bun and often topped with barbecue sauce and vinegar- or mayonnaise-based coleslaw depending on the region.
ReubenUnited States (Omaha, Nebraska or New York, NY)Corned beef, sauerkraut, Swiss cheese, topped with Russian or Thousand Island dressing, on rye bread, then grilled. Creamy coleslaw replaces the sauerkraut in some places.
Roast beefGlobal
United States (Pennsylvania, Massachusetts & New Jersey)
Sliced roast beef or sometimes beef loaf on bread. A variant of this sandwich is the roast beef special (deli sandwich) which is sliced roast beef, thousand island salad dressing and cole slaw served, generally, on rye bread.
Roti bakarIndonesiaToasted white bread with a filling such as butter, jam, chocolate spread, cheese, or other (generally sweet) fillings.
Roti johnSoutheast Asia
Malaysia
Basic ingredients are eggs, chopped onions, sambal paste, salt, and pepper, cooked as an omelette with the bread added on top before it's fully cooked. Many variations include canned sardines, chicken, beef, or mutton. Garnished with mayo, chili sauce, and cheese.
Chinese: [[Rou jia mo]]ChinaStewed pork, chopped finely, and stuffed in Chinese: mo, a kind of flatbread.
Finnish: [[Ruisleipä]]FinlandSandwich made of traditional Finnish dark rye, buttered, with lettuce, hard-boiled egg, pickles, tomato, and choice of cheese and meat (typically pork). Known colloquially as "The Winning Combination."
RunzaUnited StatesBun filled with a mixture of (usually) loose meat, cabbage, and cheese. The fillings are baked inside the bread, similar to a kolache. Popular in the Midwestern United States, especially Nebraska.
Hebrew: [[Sabich]]IsraelPita stuffed with fried aubergine, sliced hard boiled egg, tahini sauce and Israeli salad, among other ingredients.
SailorUnited States (Richmond, Virginia)Hot pastrami, grilled knockwurst, melted Swiss and hot mustard on rye bread.[34]
Spanish; Castilian: [[Sándwich de milanesa]]Southern Cone (Argentina & Uruguay)Type of sandwich eaten in Argentina and Uruguay. Mainly a large schnitzel with lettuce and sliced tomato, sometimes with added sliced boiled egg, and mayonnaise. Usually but not exclusively the bread is a white baton or a short baguette type of bread. Pictured is a Spanish; Castilian: sándwich de milanesa from Tucumán.
Sandwich loafUnited StatesAlternating layers of bread and filling frosted to resemble a layer cake.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Sandwiches de miga]]ArgentinaMade with single-, double-, or triple-layered, buttered, very thin white bread with crust removed, toasted or un-toasted, containing thinly sliced meat, as well as eggs, cheese, tomatoes, green peppers, lettuce, olives, and sometimes other vegetables. Similar to the British finger sandwiches for afternoon tea, but the bread layers are thinner.
Salad SandwichAustraliaSliced bread, butter or margarine and layers of shredded lettuce or alfalfa sprouts, shredded carrots, sliced or shredded cucumbers, and canned red beetroot.[35] [36]
Salt beef bagelUnited KingdomCorned beef served in a bagel, sometimes with English mustard and pickles.
Sealed crustlessUnited StatesThe filling in this sandwich is sealed between two layers of bread by a crimped edge and has the crust subsequently removed. A popular variety in the United States is peanut butter and jelly. This type of sandwich is mass-produced by The J. M. Smucker Company under the brand name "Uncrustables".
Arabic: [[Shawarma]]The Levant
Arab world
Middle East
Flatbread with meat (traditionally lamb) cooked on a vertical spit. Additional fillings include vegetables such as tomato, cucumbers, onions, and pickles, and a sauce, often yogurt- or tahini-based.
Shooter's sandwichUnited KingdomPrepared by filling a hollowed-out long loaf of bread with cooked filet mignon steak, cooked mushrooms, salt and pepper.[37] [38]
BugaçeAlbaniaBreakfast sandwich from Albania. Made with bread, patty, and meatball.-->
SliderUnited StatesA miniature hamburger about three inches in diameter, but may also contain other toppings
Sloppy joeUnited StatesGround meat, usually beef, cooked with seasoned tomato sauce and served on a round bun.
Sloppy joe (New Jersey)United StatesDouble-decker rye bread sandwich made with one or more types of sliced deli meat, such as turkey, ham, pastrami, corned beef, roast beef, or sliced beef tongue, along with Swiss cheese, coleslaw, and Russian dressing.
Swedish: [[Smörgåstårta]]SwedenMultiple layers of white or light rye bread containing creamy fillings, such as egg and mayonnaise, liver paté, olives, shrimp, ham, various cold cuts, caviar, tomato, cucumber, cheese, and smoked salmon.
Danish: [[Smørrebrød]]DenmarkOpen-faced, buttered dark rye bread with cold cuts, pieces of meat or fish, cheese, or spreads.
Danish: [[Sol over Gudhjem]]DenmarkOpen-faced sandwich on rugbrød, with smoked herring, chives, and a raw egg yolk.
Greek, Modern (1453-);: [[Souvlaki]]GreeceSizzling skewer of pork, or chicken roasted, shaved off the spit, and marinade ranging from hot barbecue to sweet, all laid out on a rolled pita bread, sprinkled with the choice of lettuce, tomato, cheese, red onion, and oregano, and doused with tzatziki sauce.
SpaghettiAustraliaPrepared with cooked spaghetti, sauce and bread.
SpatloSouth AfricaA hollowed out quarter loaf of bread, filled with a variety of ingredients such as chips, cheese, polony and atchar.[39] [40] The sandwich is also known as a kota.[41] [42]
Spiced hamUnited States (Chicago, Illinois)Spiced ham, mozzarella cheese slices, and Miracle Whip served between slices of rye bread.
SpiedieUnited States (Binghamton, New York)Marinated cubes of chicken, pork, lamb, veal, venison, or beef, grilled on a spit, and served in a bun.
St. PaulUnited States (St. Louis, Missouri)Egg foo young patty (containing bean sprouts and minced white onions), dill pickle slices, white onion, mayonnaise, lettuce, and tomato on white bread.
Steak bombUnited StatesGrilled, over-stuffed submarine roll, containing shaved steak, and topped with salami, melted provolone, sautéed onions, and bell peppers.
Steak burgerUnited StatesTypically prepared with ground, sliced or minced beefsteak meat. Additional meats are also used.
SteakUnited KindomPrepared with cooked steak, served on bread or a roll. Steak sandwiches may include toppings such as cheese, onions, mushrooms, bell peppers, hot peppers, tomatoes, and in some instances fried eggs, cole slaw, or french fries.
Submarine/Sub/BaguetteUnited StatesGeneric sandwich served on a long French or Italian roll which may contain a wide variety of sliced meats, vegetables, and condiments, including lettuce, tomato, sweet peppers, onions, olives, and mushrooms. Also known regionally as a hero, a hoagie, a grinder, or a zep, among other names. In the United Kingdom it is named a baguette, after the French bread used to make it.
Tapioca de presunto e queijoBrazilA popular street food and snack in Brazil. A sandwich made out of tapioca with ham and cheese pressed and melted on a sandwich grill.[43]
TavernUnited StatesCommon in Iowa, consists of a mixture of unseasoned ground beef and sauteed onions, sometimes topped with pickles, ketchup, and mustard, on a bun.
TeaUnited KingdomThinly sliced white bread with crusts removed, lightly buttered, containing a light spread of cream cheese or mayonnaise mixture, and often radishes, cucumber, asparagus, or watercress. Other fillings may be pimento cheese, ham with mustard, smoked salmon, fruit jam, curried chicken, and egg salad.
ToastUnited KingdomThin slice of toast between two thin slices of bread with a layer of butter, and salt and pepper to taste.
Toast HawaiiGermanySlice of toast with ham, a maraschino cherry in the middle of a pineapple slice, and cheese, grilled from above, so the cheese starts to melt.
ToastieUnited States, United KingdomTwo slices of bread with various fillings, toasted and edges sealed with a sandwich toaster.
Tofu[44] [45] United StatesTofu, typically broiled or baked, with vegetables.
Tongue toastUnited StatesSautéed beef tongue and scrambled eggs, served open-faced[46] [47]
Spanish; Castilian: [[Torta]]MexicoMexican roll (either Spanish; Castilian: telera or Spanish; Castilian: [[bolillo]]) spread with mayo or refried beans and stuffed with various sliced meats, cheeses, vegetables (usually tomatoes, onions and avocado) and choice of pickled jalapeños or chipotle peppers. It can either be made ahead and tightly wrapped for a packed lunch or (if made to order) grilled on both sides with some butter.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Torta ahogada]]Mexico (Guadalajara)Spanish; Castilian: Birote bread (similar to Spanish; Castilian: [[bolillo]]) filled with Spanish; Castilian: carnitas (deep-fried pork), shredded chicken or other meats, beans and cheese. The torta is then dipped in a very hot tomato and dried Spanish; Castilian: [[chile de árbol]] sauce and topped with pickled sliced onions.
Italian: [[Tramezzino]]ItalyTriangular white bread with the crusts removed, with fillings such as tuna and olive and prosciutto, served in Italian bars throughout the day.
Spanish; Castilian: [[Trancapecho]][48] BoliviaSlice of breaded meat, fried potatoes, a fried egg, rice, and salad (tomatoes, onions, and locotos) between two slices of bread.
TunaUnited StatesUsually made with tuna salad, which may include mayonnaise, sweetcorn, cucumber, or celery. Other common variations include the tuna boat and tuna melt.
Turkey DevonshireUnited StatesHot open-faced sandwich on toasted bread with hot turkey, bacon, tomatoes, and a cheese sauce.
TurkeyUnited StatesUsually made with smoked turkey, it can also have other ingredients and condiments, such as cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, pickles, mayonnaise, and mustard.
Marathi: [[Vada pav]]MaharashtraPotato fritter coated in chickpea flour (Marathi: [[batata vada]]) in a bun.[49]
VegemiteAustraliaVegemite is a dark brown Australian food paste made from used brewers' yeast extract, a by-product of beer manufacturing, various vegetables, wheat, and spice additives. It is a spread for sandwiches, toast, crumpets, and cracker biscuits, as well as a filling for pastries.
Veggie burgerUnited KingdomHamburger-style patty made only of non-meat ingredients.
WrapUnited States
Canada
Meats, cheeses, and vegetables served in a wrap.
German: [[Wurstbrot]] (sausage bread)Germany and AustriaSimple and common German or Austrian sandwich prepared with thin slices of lunch meat or sausage, sometimes buttered. Variations include the addition of cheese or pickle slices.
Portuguese: [[Xis (sandwich)|Xis]]BrazilMeat, cheese, lettuce, tomato, peas, corn, and mayonnaise served on a large bread bun.
Portuguese: [[X-caboquinho]]BrazilTucumã shavings, queijo coalho, and fried plantain between a sliced buttered French roll bread.
Japanese: [[Yakisoba-pan]]JapanHot dog bun stuffed with fried noodles, frequently topped with pickles, such as Japanese: [[beni shōga]], with mayonnaise.
Polish: [[Zapiekanka]]PolandOpen-face sandwich on halved baguette or other long roll, usually topped with sautéed mushrooms, cheese, ham or other meats, and vegetables. Toasted until cheese melts and served hot with ketchup.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Nicholls, Walter (February 6, 2008). The Banh Mi of My Dreams. Washington Post.
  2. Book: Robert B Garlough. Angus Campbell. Modern Garde Manger: A Global Perspective. 16 November 2012. Cengage Learning. 978-1-111-30761-5. 315–.
  3. Book: Ed Levine. Serious Eats: A Comprehensive Guide to Making and Eating Delicious Food Wherever You Are. 1 November 2011. Clarkson Potter/Publishers. 978-0-307-72087-0. 157–.
  4. Book: Bob Garner. Bob Garner's Book of Barbecue: North Carolina's Favorite Food. 2012. John F. Blair. 978-0-89587-575-4. 102–.
  5. Book: Taylor Sen Ph.D. . Colleen . Street food around the world : an encyclopedia of food and culture . 2013 . ABC-CLIO . Santa Barbara, California . 9781598849554 . 22 . 16 February 2023.
  6. Book: Tam Fox, Aída. Glossary of Lima cuisine: history and tradition. October 19, 2018. January 1, 2010. Casa del Libro Viejo. 9786124533662. 83–84.
  7. News: Medina. Ignacio. Column Sandwiches, snacks, and butifarras. February 5, 2016. October 20, 2018. El País. 1134-6582. es.
  8. Book: Larousse of Peruvian Gastronomy: Illustrated Gastronomic Dictionary. Q.W. Editores. 2008. 9789972589379. Gastón Acurio. Lima. 60. June 13, 2019.
  9. Book: Webb, Andrew. Food Britannia. 31 August 2012. Random House. Google Books. 9781409022220.
  10. Book: A Cook' S Tour of England. Power Publishing. Google Books. 9789963673414.
  11. Book: Sanghvi, Vir. Rude Food: The Collected Food Writings of Vir Sanghvi. 30 March 2018. Penguin Books India. Google Books. 9780143031390.
  12. Book: Ingersoll, Jared. Sharing Plates: A Table for All Seasons. 30 March 2018. Allen & Unwin. Google Books. 9781740459631.
  13. News: The Chopped Cheese's Sharp Rise to Fame. Rosenberg. Eli. 2016-11-07. The New York Times. 2017-04-18. 0362-4331.
  14. https://www.mccormick.com.au/keens/recipes/curry/curried-egg-sandwiche
  15. Web site: Classic Curried Egg Salad Sandwich | myfoodbook with Australian Eggs .
  16. Book: Peterson, Eric. Ramble Colorado: The Wanderer's Guide to the Offbeat, Overlooked, and Outrageous. 30 March 2018. Speck Press. Google Books. 9781933108193.
  17. Book: Kim, Eric . Korean American: Food That Tastes Like Home . 2022 . 9780593233504 . Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed.
  18. Web site: Gilgeori Toast . NYT Cooking . Darun . Kwak . The New York Times.
  19. Web site: 10 November 2023 . Jesuita. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200121040832/https://dle.rae.es/jesuita . 21 January 2020 . 10 November 2023 . Real Academia Española.
  20. Web site: Descubrí cómo preparar la receta de fosforitos de jamón y queso: una delicia argentina al alcance de todos . 2023-11-10 . . es.
  21. Web site: Reich . Rodolfo . 2021-06-22 . Los fosforitos de siempre. Con jamón y queso viven un revival: ¿dónde probar los más ricos? . 2023-11-10 . . es.
  22. Web site: Bánh Mì - Indochine Sandwiches. Street Cuisine. 17 February 2011.
  23. Web site: Around the World in 80 Sandwiches. 4 June 2019. Thrillist.
  24. https://books.google.com/books?id=QLlug0MnmX4C&dq=Montadito+sandwich&pg=PA188 The Spanish Table: Traditional Recipes and Wine Pairings from Spain and Portugal - Steve Winston
  25. https://books.google.com/books?id=30uhs5rPpXEC&dq=montadito+sandwich&pg=PA223 Everybody's San Francisco Cookbook: Recipes Celebrating the City's Best
  26. Web site: Logsdon . Dana . Muffaletta Sandwich - Stop 5 of 7 in the French Quarter Street Food tour . 2023-01-23 . New Orleans Historical . en.
  27. Book: Modern Garde Manger: A Global Perspective. Robert B.. Garlough. Angus. Campbell. 16 November 2012. Cengage Learning. 9781111307615. Google Books.
  28. Book: Strybel, Robert. Polish Holiday Cookery. 30 March 2018. Hippocrene Books. 9780781809948. Google Books.
  29. Web site: Pimento Cheese, Please! . Deep South Magazine . Deep South Media . May 15, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150324054621/http://deepsouthmag.com/2011/09/pimento-cheese-please/ . March 24, 2015 . dead .
  30. Web site: Cheese Pimento Sandwich Spread . Panlasang Pinoy . May 15, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150525122751/http://panlasangpinoy.com/2013/02/22/cheese-pimiento-sandwich-spread/ . May 25, 2015 . dead .
  31. Book: Sari Edelstein. Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals. 9 September 2012. 22 October 2010. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 978-1-4496-1811-7. 60–.
  32. Web site: Po-Boy Sandwich . 2023-01-23 . 64 Parishes . en.
  33. Web site: Whether you call it Taylor Ham or pork roll, food item shaped our nation. North Jersey.
  34. Web site: Richmond's Very Own Sandwich . Richmond Times-Dispatch . September 15, 2010 . Anika Imajo . July 1, 2015 . "The brazen assemblage of hot pastrami, grilled knockwurst, melted Swiss and hot mustard on rye bread, curiously known in these parts as a "sailor sandwich" is, most likely, a true Richmond native. Carytown’s New York Deli, established in 1929 and operating at its current location since 1934, bills itself as 'the birthplace of the sailor sandwich.'".
  35. Web site: Rodell . Besha . Has Australia Abandoned the Salad Sandwich? . The New York Times . 26 September 2018.
  36. News: Less soggy, more glamwich: Australia's salad sandwich glow up. The Guardian. 22 February 2023. Lam. Yvonne C..
  37. Book: Wilson, B. . Sandwich: A Global History . Reaktion Books . Edible . 2010 . 978-1-86189-891-3 . April 14, 2017 . 61.
  38. Book: David . E. . O'Neill . M. . Summer Cooking . New York Review Books . New York Review Books classics . 1955 . 978-1-59017-004-5 . April 14, 2017 . 212.
  39. Web site: 2020-03-02. Gourmet Sphatlo/Kota with spicey Atchaar.. 2021-05-08. Rica Meats. en-US.
  40. Web site: 2018-04-04. Sphatlo. 2021-05-08. Mzansi Taal.
  41. Web site: Huyghe. Cathy. Street Food, Soweto Style: Preparing The Famous Kota Sandwich. 2021-05-08. Forbes. en.
  42. Web site: Spatlo Traditional Sandwich From Gauteng TasteAtlas. 2021-05-08. www.tasteatlas.com.
  43. https://receitassemsegredos.com.br/tapioca-de-presunto-e-queijo/
  44. Web site: Tofu to Go. Yoga Journal. Emily. Bourassa. 1 April 1995. Active Interest Media, Inc.. Google Books.
  45. Book: History of Miso, Soybean Jiang (China), Jang (Korea) and Tauco (Indonesia) (200 BC-2009). Shurtleff. William. William Shurtleff . Aoyagi. Akiko. 30 March 2018. Soyinfo Center. Google Books. 9781928914228.
  46. Thomas Jefferson Murrey, Cookery for Invalids (White, Stokes & Allen, 1887)
  47. Sarah Annie Frost, The Godey's Lady's Book Receipts and Household Hints (Evans, Stoddart & Company 1870)
  48. Web site: Mariel . Torrez . June 10, 2011 . Chest Choker Philosophy . My Trip Blog . March 4, 2017.
  49. Web site: Deconstructing the Pav Bhaji. dead. Hafta Magazine. 16 October 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20090105210646/http://www.haftamag.com/2006/10/16/deconstructing-the-pav-bhaji-2/. 5 January 2009.