This is a list of quasiparticles.
Quasiparticle | Signification | Underlying particles | |
---|---|---|---|
Anyon | A type of quasiparticle that occurs only in two-dimensional systems, with properties much less restricted than fermions and bosons. | ||
Biexciton | A bound state of two free excitons | ||
Bion | A bound state of solitons, named for Born–Infeld model | soliton | |
Bipolaron | A bound pair of two polarons | polaron (electron, phonon) | |
Bogoliubon | Broken Cooper pair | electron, hole | |
Configuron[1] | An elementary configurational excitation in an amorphous material which involves breaking of a chemical bond | ||
Dislon | A localized collective excitation associated with a dislocation in crystalline solids.[2] It emerges from the quantization of the lattice displacement field of a classical dislocation | ||
Doublon | Paired electrons in the same lattice site[3] [4] [5] | electrons | |
Dropleton | The first known quasiparticle that behaves like a liquid[6] | ||
Electron quasiparticle | An electron as affected by the other forces and interactions in the solid | electron | |
Electron hole (hole) | A lack of electron in a valence band | electron, cation | |
Exciton | A bound state of an electron and a hole (See also: biexciton) | electron, hole | |
Ferron | A quasiparticle that carries heat and polarization, akin to phonon and magnons.[7] [8] | ||
Fracton | A collective quantized vibration on a substrate with a fractal structure. | ||
Fracton (subdimensional particle) | An emergent quasiparticle excitation that is immobile when in isolation. | ||
Holon (chargon) | A quasi-particle resulting from electron spin-charge separation | ||
Hopfion | |||
Leviton | A collective excitation of a single electron within a metal | ||
Magnon | A coherent excitation of electron spins in a material | ||
Majorana fermion | A quasiparticle equal to its own antiparticle, emerging as a midgap state in certain superconductors | ||
Nematicon | A soliton in nematic liquid-crystal media | ||
Orbiton[9] | A quasiparticle resulting from electron spin–orbital separation | ||
Oscillon | A soliton-like single wave in vibrating media | ||
Phason | Vibrational modes in a quasicrystal associated with atomic rearrangements | ||
Phoniton | A theoretical quasiparticle which is a hybridization of a localized, long-living phonon and a matter excitation[10] | ||
Phonon | Vibrational modes in a crystal lattice associated with atomic shifts | ||
Plasmaron | A quasiparticle emerging from the coupling between a plasmon and a hole | ||
Plasmon | A coherent excitation of a plasma | ||
Polaron | A moving charged quasiparticle that is surrounded by ions in a material | electron, phonon | |
Polariton | A mixture of photon with other quasiparticles | photon, optical phonon | |
Roton | Elementary excitation in superfluid helium-4 | ||
Soliton | A self-reinforcing solitary excitation wave | ||
Spinon | A quasiparticle produced as a result of electron spin–charge separation that can form both quantum spin liquid and strongly correlated quantum spin liquid | ||
Trion | A coherent excitation of three quasiparticles (two holes and one electron or two electrons and one hole) | ||
Triplon | A quasiparticle formed from electrons with triplet state pairing[11] [12] | triplet state electrons | |
Wrinklon | A localized excitation corresponding to wrinkles in a constrained two dimensional system[13] [14] |