List of massacres in Poland explained

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in both historic and modern day areas of Poland (numbers may be approximate):

Massacres until 1939

NameDateLocationPerpetratorsDeathsNotes
Sack of Sandomierz (1241)13 February 1241SandomierzMongol EmpireThe Mongols massacred almost all residents.
Sack of Kraków (1241)March 1241KrakówMongol EmpireThe Mongols massacred almost all residents.
Sack of Sandomierz (1260)February 1260SandomierzMongol EmpireThe Mongols massacred almost all residents.
Gdańsk massacre13 November 1308Gdańsk Teutonic Knights60–1,000 Polish civilians
Gołańcz massacre3 May 1656Gołańcz25+ PolesRemains of 22 adults (incl. six women) and three children were discovered during an archaeological survey in 2014.[1]
Kościan massacre of 165610 October 1656Kościan300 Polish inhabitants[2]
Massacre of Uman20–21 June 1768HumańCossacks (Ukrainians)up to 20,000 Poles and Jews
Massacre of Praga4 November 1794Praga, Warsaw6,000 Polish people killed or wounded
Fiszewo massacre27 January 1832Fiszewo12 Poles[3]
Galician slaughterearly 1846Western Galiciapeasantsabout 1,000 nobles
Warsaw massacres of 186125–27 February and 8 April 1861WarsawOver 200 Polish protesters[4]
Białaszewo massacre31 March 1863Białaszewo16+ Polish civiliansincluding women[5]
Bredynki massacre6 May 1863Bredynki17 Polesfurther 30 people wounded[6]
Lututów massacre15 June 1863LututówDozens of Polish POWs[7]
Wygoda massacre21 July 1863Wygoda50 young Poles[8] [9]
Białystok pogrom14–16 June 1906Black Hundreds
Russian soldiers
81–88 Jews
Siedlce pogrom8–10 September 190626 Jews
Mysłowice massacre15 August 1919Mysłowice10 PolesSeven miners, two women and a 13-year-old boy[10]
Wilno school massacre6 May 1925Wilno (now Vilnius)2 students5 (including themselves)First school shooting in Polish history

Massacres during World War II and communist rule

NameDateLocationPerpetratorsDeathsNotes
IntelligenzaktionSeptember 1939-Spring 1942Polandup to 100,000 Polish people, mostly intellectuals
Torzeniec massacre1–2 September 1939Torzeniec37 Poles
Zimnowoda and Parzymiechy massacre2 September 1939Zimnowoda and Parzymiechy113 Polesincluding 30 children
Wyszanów massacre2 September 1939Wyszanów24 Poles
Gostyń massacre2 September 1939Gostyń13 Polesincluding four women and a parish priest
Bukownica massacre2 September 1939Bukownica7+ Poles
Łaziska massacre2–6 September 1939Łaziska Górne, Łaziska Dolne and Łaziska Średnie69 Polesincluding 30 children
Albertów massacre3 September 1939Albertów159 Poles
Krzepice massacre3 September 1939Krzepice30 Poles
Mysłów massacre3 September 1939Mysłów22 PolesVictims were burned alive, including 10 children.
Pińczyce massacre3 September 1939Pińczyce20 Poles
Świekatowo massacre3 September 1939Świekatowo26 Poles[11]
Święta Anna massacre3 September 1939Święta Anna29 Poles
Jankowice massacre3 September 1939Jankowice13 Polesincluding women and children
Zgoń massacre3 September 1939Zgoń8 Polesincluding one woman
Lędziny massacre3 September 1939Lędziny7 Polesincluding a 16-year-old girl
Bloody Sunday3–4 September 1939Bydgoszcz254
Świętochłowice massacre3–4 September 1939Świętochłowice10 Poles
Częstochowa massacre
(Bloody Monday)
4 September 1939Częstochowa88–200
Złoczew massacre4 September 1939Złoczew200 Poles and Jews
Katowice massacre
(Bloody Monday)
4 September 1939Katowiceabout 80 Polish defendersincluding Polish boy and girl scouts
Kruszyna massacre4 September 1939Kruszynadozens of Polesincluding 10 children
Cielętniki massacre4 September 1939Cielętniki28 Polesincluding four children
Pasternik massacre4 September 1939Pasternik29 Polesincluding one woman
Pławno massacre4 September 1939Pławno15 Poles
Pszczyna massacre4 September 1939Pszczyna14 Poles13 boy scouts and a teacher
Siewierz massacre4 September 1939Siewierz10 Polesincluding several teenagers
Wyry massacre4–6 September 1939Wyryover 10 Poles
Serock massacre5 September 1939Serockover 80 Polish POWs
Kajetanowice massacre5 September 1939Kajetanowiceover 70 Polesincluding ten children under the age of 16
Krasnosielc massacre5–6 September 1939Krasnosielc50 Jews
Moryca and Longinówka massacre6 September 1939Moryca and LonginówkaPolish POWs, including 19 officers
Uniejów massacre6, 8 September 1939Uniejów50
Będzin massacres6, 9 September 1939Będzin20 Poles and 100 Jews
Wylazłów massacre7 September 1939Wylazłów24 Poles
Mordarka massacre7 September 1939Mordarka9 Jews and one Pole
Wągrowiec massacre7 September 1939Wągrowiec8 Poles
Balin massacre8 September 1939Balin21 Poles
Koźle massacre8 September 1939Koźle17 Poles
Ciepielów massacre8 September 1939Ciepielówaround 300 Polish POWs
Tyszki massacre8 September 1939Tyszki-Ciągaczki33 Poles
Chechło massacre8 September 1939Chechło near Pabianice30 Poles
Dominikowice massacre8 September 1939Dominikowice23 Poles
Czekaj massacre8 September 1939Czekaj13 Poles
Bagatele massacre8 September 1939Bagatele11 Poles
Siemianowice Śląskie massacre8 September 1939Siemianowice Śląskie6 Poles
Lipsko massacre8–9 September 1939Lipsko66
Mszczonów massacres8, 11 September 1939Mszczonów11 Polish POWs and 20 Polish civiliansIncluding the town's mayor.
Sławków massacre9 September 1939Sławków98 Jews
Wyszków massacre9 September 1939Wyszków65+ Jews
Orło massacre9 September 1939Orło10 Poles
Pniewo massacre9 September 1939PniewoOver 10 Poles
Mielno massacre9 September 1939Mielno7 Poles
Łęczyca massacre9–10 September 1939Łęczyca29 Poles
Mszadla massacre10 September 1939Mszadla153 Poles[12]
Gniazdowo massacre10 September 1939Gniazdowoaround 20 Poles
Zdziechowa massacre10 September 1939Zdziechowa24 Poles
Rawa Mazowiecka massacre10 September 1939Rawa Mazowiecka40
Bądków massacre10 September 1939Bądków22 Polesincluding a 14-year-old boy
Piaseczno massacre of 193910 September 1939Piaseczno21 Polish POWs
Stare Rogowo massacre10 September 1939Stare Rogowo21 Poles
Laski Szlacheckie massacre10 September 1939Laski Szlacheckie20 Polesincluding four families
Karczew massacre11 September 1939Karczew75 Poles
Skierniewice massacre11 September 1939Skierniewice60
Kowalewice massacre11 September 1939Kowalewice23 Poles[13]
Obora massacre11 September 1939Obora22 Poles
Niewolno massacre11 September 1939Niewolno18 Poles
Jankowo Dolne massacre11 September 1939Jankowo Dolne12 Polesincluding women and children
Szczucin massacre12 September 1939Szczucinaround 40 Polish POWs and around 30 Polish civilians
Parma massacre12 September 1939Parma32 Poles
Koźmice Wielkie massacre12 September 1939Koźmice Wielkie32 Jews
Sadówka massacre12 September 1939Sadówkaaround 12 Poles
Łowicz massacre13 September 1939Łowicz21
Mień massacre13 September 1939Mień9 Poles
Zambrów massacrenight of 13–14 September 1939Zambrówmore than 200 Polish POW
Olszewo massacre14 September 1939Olszewo30 Polish POWs and 23 civilians
Moskwin massacre14 September 1939Moskwin9 Poles[14]
Sulejówek massacre15 September 1939Sulejówek and Długa Szlacheckaover 90 Poles
Massacre in Dynów15-28 September 1939DynówAround 300 killed
Retki massacre16 September 1939Retki22 Poles
Henryków massacre17 September 1939Henryków76 Polesincluding women and children
Leszno massacre17 September 1939Lesznoaround 50 Poles
Bąków massacre17 September 1939Bąków18 Polesincluding two families
Śladów massacre18 September 1939Śladówaround 300 Poles, including POWs and refugeesincluding women and children
Mogilno massacre18 September 1939Mogilno Mogilno Germans minority40 Polish (1 Jewish descent)
Błonie massacre18 September 1939Błonie50 Jews and Poles
Gąbin massacre19–21 September 1939Gąbin20 Poles
Zakroczym massacre28 September 1939Zakroczymabout 600 Polish POWs
Majdan Wielki massacre20 September 1939Majdan Wielki42 Polish POWs
Boryszew massacre22 September 1939Boryszew50 Polish POWs
Psia Górka massacre22 September 1939Psia Górkaover 100 Polish POWs and 300 Polish civilians
Husynne massacre23 September 1939Husynne25 Polish POWs[15]
Mokrany massacre28 September 1939Mokrany18 Polish POWs
Luszkówko massacreSeptember 1939–January 1940Luszkówkoaround 1,000 PolesThe victims were mentally ill people from a psychiatric hospital in Świecie.
Szczuczki massacre1 October 1939Szczuczki64 Polesincluding ten boys under the age of 18
Valley of Death (Bydgoszcz)October–November 1939Bydgoszcz1,200–1,400
Dalki massacre7 November 1939Dalki24 Polesincluding 10 defenders of Kłecko
Ostrów Mazowiecka massacre11 November 1939Ostrów Mazowieckaup to 600 Jews
Wawer massacre26–27 December 1939Wawer1077 shot but survived
Palmiry massacreDecember 1939–June 1941Palmiry1,700 Poles and Jews
Sieklówka massacreDecember 1939–January 1940Sieklówka93 Poles
Piotrowice massacre18 January 1940Piotrowice39 Poles
Dąbrówka Mała massacre3–4 April 1940Dąbrówka Mała40 Poles
Celiny massacre4 April 1940Celiny29 Poles
Skłoby massacre11 April 1940Skłoby265 Polesincluding women and children
Katyn massacreApril–May 1940Katyn Forest22,000 Polish killed, most of them officers 21,857 confirmed by Soviet documents, about 440 of the prospective victims escaped the shootings. After intense research, today most of the victims are known name by name.
Bloody Wednesday of Olkusz31 July 1940Olkusz20 Polish civilians
NKVD prisoner massacres in PolandJune–November 1941Eastern Poland20,000–30,000
Nowosiółki massacre1941NowosiółkiSeveral hundredThe victims were patients of a local psychiatric hospital.[16]
Szczuczyn pogrom25–28 June 1941SzczuczynPolish nationalists300 JewsPogrom halted after intervention by German army in favor of the Jews. Additional 100 Jews killed in July by Poles. The Jews were subsequently murdered by the Germans.
1941 Białystok massacres27 June, 3–4 July, 12–13 July 1941Białystok6,500–7,000 Jews
Lviv pogromsJune–July 1941Lvivlocal crowds, Ukrainian nationalists, Germans6,000 Jews
Ponary massacreJuly 1941–August 1944Ponary
Ypatingasis būrys
100,000 Jews, Poles and Russians
Radziłów pogrom7–9 July 1941RadziłówPoles600–2,000 Jews
Jedwabne pogrom10 July 1941JedwabnePoles (German military police was present, but did not intervene)340–1,600 Jews
Massacre of Lwów professorsJuly 1941Lviv45 Polish professors
Mass murders in TykocinAugust 1941Tykocinsome 700 JewsSome 150 Jews managed to escape the massacre, however most were handed over to the Germans.
Czarny Las massacre14–15 August 1941Czarny Las near Stanisławów250–300 Poles
Zdzięcioł massacres30 April and 10 August 1942Zdzięcioł3,000–5,000 Jews
Święciany massacre19–20 May 1942Švenčionys, modern-day Lithuania (then eastern Poland)Lithuanian Security Police400–1,200 Poles
Rajsk massacre16 July 1942Rajsk142
Sarny massacre27–28 August 1942Sarny14,000–18,000 Jews and around 100 Romanis
Nowy Bidaczów massacre6 October 1942Nowy Bidaczów22 Polesretribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre6 December 1942Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka31 Poles (including children) and 2 Jewsincluding women and children; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Świesielice massacre7–8 December 1942Świesielice15 Poles
Kitów massacre11 December 1942Kitów164+ Polesincluding women and children
Samoklęski massacreJanuary 1943Samoklęski27 Jews and one Poleretribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Stary Lubotyń massacre23 January 1943Stary Lubotyń8 Poles
Dzierążnia massacre28–29 January 1943Dzierążniaover 60 Poles
Budy and Huta Dzierążyńska massacre29 January 1943Budy Dzierążyńskie and Huta Dzierążyńska50–80 Poles
Sumin massacre29 January 1943Sumin50
Róża massacre2 February 1943Różadozens
Imbramowice massacre2 February 1943Imbramowice50–60 Romanis
Paulinów massacre24 February 1943Paulinów11 Poles and 3 Jewsretribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Siedliska massacre15 March 1943Siedliska5 Poles and 4 Jewsretribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Różaniec massacre18 March 1943Różaniecaround 70 Poles
Naliboki massacre8 May 1943Naliboki, modern-day Belarus (then eastern Poland) Soviet NKVD and Jewish partisans129 (including one child)
Skałka Polska massacre11 May 1943Skałka Polska93 Poles
Warsaw Ghetto massacre19 April–16 May 1943Warsaw ghetto, Warsaw13,000 Jews6,000 Jews burnt to death by German forces.
Szarajówka massacre18 May 1943Szarajówka58–67 Poles
Kielce cemetery massacre23 May 1943Jewish Cemetery, Kielce45 Jewish children
Ispina massacre2 June 1943Ispina13 Poles
Strużki massacre3 June 1943Strużki74+ Poles
Fidury and Koziki massacre13 June 1943Fidury and Koziki21 Polesincluding children
Posądza massacre22 June 1943Posądza7 Polesincluding three children; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Majdan Nowy massacre24 June 1943Majdan Nowy28–36 Poles
Cegłów massacre28 June 1943Cegłów26 Poles and an unknown number of Jewsincluding women and children; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Majdan Stary massacre3 July 1943Majdan Stary75 Poles
Liszki massacre4 July 1943Liszki30 Poles27 men and 3 women
Michniów massacre12–13 July 1943Michniówabout 204 Polesincluding 48 children
Sikory-Tomkowięta massacre13 July 1943Sikory-Tomkowięta49 Poles
Łysa Góra massacre13 July 1943Łysa Góra near Zawady58 Poles
Krasowo-Częstki massacre17 July 1943Krasowo-Częstki257 Polesincluding 83 children under the age of 17
Wnory-Wandy massacre21 July 1943Wnory-Wandy32 Poles
Radwanowice massacre21 July 1943Radwanowice30 Poles
Gamratka massacre27 July 1943Gamratka3 Jews and 2 Polesretribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Jasionowo massacre2 August 1943Jasionowo58 Polesincluding 19 children
Szczurowa massacre3 August 1943Szczurowa93 Romanis
Operation Harvest Festival3 August 1943Lublin District43,000 Jews of Majdanek, Poniatowa and Trawniki
Drewnowo-Gołyń massacre11 September 1943Drewnowo-Gołyń9 Poles
Tyczyn massacre15 October 1943Tyczyn5 Polesincluding one woman; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Kietlin massacreOctober 1943Kietlin8 Jews and 3 Polesincluding women and children; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
(Volhynian slaughter)
1943–1944Volhynia Ukrainian Insurgent Armyabout 91,000 (±15,000) mostly Polish peopleby far most of the victimes were Poles, but also Ukrainians and people of ethnic minorities were killed
Koniuchy massacre29 January 1944Kaniūkai, modern-day Lithuania (then Eastern Poland) Soviet NKVD and Jewish partisans30–40 Poles
Zwierzyniec massacre2 February 1944Zwierzyniec20 Polesincluding a 15-year-old boy
Huta Pieniacka massacre28 February 1944Huta PieniackaUkrainian nationalists500[17] –1,200[18]
Wanaty massacre28 February 1944Wanaty108 Polesincluding 35 women and 47 children
Jamy massacre8 March 1944Jamy152 Poles
Jabłoń-Dobki massacre8 March 1944Jabłoń-Dobki91 Polesincluding 31 women and 31 children
Markowa massacre24 March 1944Markowa8 Poles and 8 Jewsretribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Smoligów massacre27 March 1944Smoligów66–232 Poles
Poturzyn massacre1 April 1944Poturzyn 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS
UPA
162 Poles
Chodaczków Wielki massacre16 April 1944Chodaczków Wielki862 Polesincluding children
Sochy massacre1 June 1944Sochy181–200 Polish civilians
Olszanka massacre5 June 1944Olszankaaround 100including children
Lublin Castle massacre22 July 1944Lublinover 300 Poles and Jews
Chłaniów and Władysławin massacre23 July 1944Chłaniów-Kolonia and WładysławinUkrainian Legion of Self-Defense44–45 Poles
Nur massacre4 August 1944Nuraround 120 Poles
Ochota massacre4–25 August 1944Ochota, Warsaw10,000 Polish civiliansIncluding gang rape, looting and arson.
Wola massacre5–12 August 1944Wola, Warsaw40,000–50,000 Polesabout 30,000 killed during the first three days
Małaszek massacre31 August 1944Małaszekover 30 Polesincluding women and children[19]
Plewki massacre31 August 1944Plewki11 Poles
Lipniak-Majorat massacre2 September 1944Lipniak-Majorataround 450 Polesincluding women and children
Bloody Christmas Eve in Ochotnica Dolna23 December 1944Ochotnica Dolna56 Polesincluding 19 children and 21 women
Nieławice massacre31 December 1944–1 January 1945Nieławice56 Polesincluding 32 children under the age of 14
Przyrów massacre8 January 1945Przyrów43 Poles
Zawady Małe massacre21–22 January 1945Zawady Małe110 Poles and 7 Russians
Marchwacz massacre21–22 January 1945Marchwacz63 Polish civilians, 12 Soviet POWs[20]
Dąbrówka Nowa Massacre22 January 1945Dąbrówka Nowaover 100 Latvians
Kortowo massacre22 January 1945Kortowoaround 600[21]
Biadki massacre23 January 1945Biadki18 Hungarian POWs[22]
Łomnica massacre24 January 1945Łomnica17Massacre committed during a death march.[23]
Przyszowice massacre26–28 January 1945Przyszowice54–69
Kuźnica Żelichowska massacre28 January 1945Kuźnica Żelichowska6 Italian POW generals[24]
Podgaje massacre31 January 1945Podgaje160–210 Polish POWs
Leśno massacre9 February 1945Leśno64 Jewish women[25]
Pawłokoma massacre3 March 1945PawłokomaPoles150–366 Ukrainians
Wierzchowiny massacre6 June 1945WierzchowinyNational Armed Forces50-196
Augustów roundup10-25 July 1945Suwałki and Augustów regionsabout 600 anti-communistOut of 2,000 arrested by the Soviet forces, about 600 have disappeared.
Zawadka Morochowska massacres25 January, 28 March, and 13 April 1946Polish People's Army73 Ukrainians and Lemkos
1946 pacification of villages by PAS NZWFebruary 1946Rajs' unit79 Belarusians
Kielce pogrom4 July 1946Poles38–42 Jews
Pacification of Wujek16 December 1981ZOMO9 striking miners

References

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  10. Bezeg. Bolesław. 2011. Alfons Zgrzebniok – chłopak z Dziergowic. Wódz dwóch powstań. Historia Lokalna. pl. Opole. 1 (7). 8. 1899-4644.
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  14. Monkiewicz. Waldemar. Krętowski. Józef. 1986. Zbrodnie hitlerowskie na ludziach chorych i niepełnosprawnych. Białostocczyzna. pl. Białostockie Towarzystwo Naukowe. Białystok. 1. 25.
  15. Book: . Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi". 2012. pl. Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Łódź. 21. 978-83-63695-00-2.
  16. Web site: Pacjentów zwieziono do lasu i tam rozstrzelano. Mord Niemców na pół tysiącu chorych psychicznie. Polska Agencja Prasowa. Robert Fiłończuk. 10 December 2023. pl.
  17. https://www.archives.gov.ua/Archives/Dzerelna_baza.php Ukrainian archives
  18. https://books.google.com/books?id=awCGOPeMPNUC&dq=huta+pieniacka&pg=RA1-PA77 Pure Soldiers Or Sinister Legion
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  23. Web site: 75. rocznica likwidacji i ewakuacji więźniów obozu karno-śledczego w Żabikowie. Muzeum Martyrologiczne w Żabikowie. 19 January 2020. 10 December 2023. pl.
  24. Muraca. Ilio. 2008. E quei generali marciavano, marciavano e morivano. Patria Indipendente. Roma. it. 9. 21–23. 0031-3130.
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Bibliography