LMX1A explained
LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha, also known as LMX1A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LMX1A gene.[1] [2]
Function
Insulin is produced exclusively by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The level and beta-cell specificity of insulin gene expression are regulated by a set of nuclear genes that bind to specific sequences within the promoter of the insulin gene INS and interact with RNA polymerase to activate or repress transcription. LMX1 is a LIM homeobox transcription factor that binds an A/T-rich sequence in the insulin promoter and stimulates transcription of insulin.[3]
Interactions
LMX1A has been shown to interact with TCF3[4] and LHX3.[5]
Further reading
- German MS, Wang J, Chadwick RB, Rutter WJ . Synergistic activation of the insulin gene by a LIM-homeo domain protein and a basic helix-loop-helix protein: building a functional insulin minienhancer complex . Genes Dev. . 6 . 11 . 2165–76 . 1992 . 1358758 . 10.1101/gad.6.11.2165 . free .
- German MS, Wang J, Fernald AA, Espinosa R, Le Beau MM, Bell GI . Localization of the genes encoding two transcription factors, LMX1 and CDX3, regulating insulin gene expression to human chromosomes 1 and 13 . Genomics . 24 . 2 . 403–4 . 1994 . 7698771 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1639 .
- Jurata LW, Gill GN . Functional analysis of the nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 17 . 10 . 5688–98 . 1997 . 9315627 . 232417 . 10.1128/MCB.17.10.5688.
- Iannotti CA, Inoue H, Bernal E, Aoki M, Liu L, Donis-Keller H, German MS, Permutt MA . Identification of a human LMX1 (LMX1.1)-related gene, LMX1.2: tissue-specific expression and linkage mapping on chromosome 9 . Genomics . 46 . 3 . 520–4 . 1997 . 9441763 . 10.1006/geno.1997.5075 .
- Jurata LW, Pfaff SL, Gill GN . The nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI mediates homo- and heterodimerization of LIM domain transcription factors . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 6 . 3152–7 . 1998 . 9452425 . 10.1074/jbc.273.6.3152 . free .
- Thameem F, Wolford JK, Wang J, German MS, Bogardus C, Prochazka M . Cloning, expression and genomic structure of human LMX1A, and variant screening in Pima Indians . Gene . 290 . 1–2 . 217–25 . 2002 . 12062816 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00582-6 .
- Millen KJ, Millonig JH, Hatten ME . Roof plate and dorsal spinal cord dl1 interneuron development in the dreher mutant mouse . Dev. Biol. . 270 . 2 . 382–92 . 2004 . 15183721 . 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.03.008 . free .
- Hassel S, Eichner A, Yakymovych M, Hellman U, Knaus P, Souchelnytskyi S . Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry . Proteomics . 4 . 5 . 1346–58 . 2004 . 15188402 . 10.1002/pmic.200300770 . 6773754 .
Notes and References
- Web site: Entrez Gene: LMX1A LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha.
- German MS, Wang J, Fernald AA, Espinosa R, Le Beau MM, Bell GI . Localization of the genes encoding two transcription factors, LMX1 and CDX3, regulating insulin gene expression to human chromosomes 1 and 13 . Genomics . 24 . 2 . 403–4 . November 1994 . 7698771 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1639 .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: LMX1A .
- Johnson JD, Zhang W, Rudnick A, Rutter WJ, German MS . Transcriptional synergy between LIM-homeodomain proteins and basic helix-loop-helix proteins: the LIM2 domain determines specificity . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 17 . 7 . 3488–96 . Jul 1997 . 9199284 . 232202 . 10.1128/mcb.17.7.3488.
- Jurata LW, Pfaff SL, Gill GN . The nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI mediates homo- and heterodimerization of LIM domain transcription factors . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 6 . 3152–7 . Feb 1998 . 9452425 . 10.1074/jbc.273.6.3152 . free .