Koon Pandiyan Explained

Nindra Seer Nedumaran, Ninraseernedumaran, Kun Pandya
Reign:7th century CE
Spouse:Mangayarkkarasiyar
Dynasty:Pandya

Koon Pandiyan ("The hunch-backed Pandyan") (Tamil: கூன் பாண்டியன்) was the nickname of a king who ruled Madurai around 7th century. Some historians identify him with the Pandyan king Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman.[1]

He converted from Jainism to Shaivism, converted under the influence of Sambandar. According to a Shaivite legend, after his conversion, he ordered a massacre of 8000 Jains in Samanatham. Sambandar is said to have cured his hunched back, after which he was known as Sundara Pandya ("Beautiful Pandyan").[2]

Conversion to Shaivism

In the 7th century, Jainism was one of the major religions in South India. Koon Pandian had embraced Jainism from Shaivism, but his wife, Mangayarkkarasiyar, and his minister, Kulachirai Nayanar, were both Shaivites. When the king suffered from boils and incurable fever, the two invited the Shaivite saint, Sambandar, to Madurai. Sambandar is said to have cured his fever and his hunched back. After this, the king became a Shaivite, and several of his subjects converted to Shaivism during his rule. The Tamil poet Sekkizhar honoured Koon Pandiyan, Kulachirai and Mangaiarkkarasi by naming them among the 63 Nayanars in Periya Puranam.[3]

According to a Shaivite legend, when the Jains in Samanatham refused to convert to Shaivism, the king ordered their killings with the consent of Sambandar.[4] Around 8,000 Jains were said to have been killed by impalement in which the victims were forcefully put over sharp, tall, conical structures in sitting posture.[5] However, this legend is not found in any Jain text and is believed to be a fabrication made up by the Shaivites to prove their dominance.[6] [7]

Legacy

Koon Pandiyan is said to have died without a legitimate heir, and after his death, a number of claimants fought with each other to control the kingdom.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Temple At Thirunallar . District Administration, Karaikal . 2013-02-25 .
  2. Book: Marco Polo . Sir Henry Yule . The Book of Sir Marco Polo, the Venetian, Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East: Newly Tr. and Ed., with Notes, Maps, and Other Illustrations . 16 August 2013 . 1875 . J. Murray . 317–. 9780404115425 .
  3. News: Staunch devotion . https://web.archive.org/web/20140227201813/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/15/stories/2009051551401300.htm . dead . 2014-02-27 . 2009-05-15 . 2013-02-25 . . Chennai .
  4. Book: James Hastings . Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 9 . 2013-02-25 . 2003 . Kessinger Publishing . 978-0-7661-3680-9 . 23.
  5. Book: Tamil Literature - M. S. Pillai - Google Books . 9788120609556 . 2013-02-14. Purnalingam Pillai . M. S. . 1994 . Asian Educational Services .
  6. Book: Ashim Kumar Roy . A history of the Jainas . 22 May 2013 . 1984 . Gitanjali . 9. History of the Digambaras . https://web.archive.org/web/20180223170524/http://www.jainworld.com/book/historyofjainism/ch9a.asp . 23 February 2018 . dead .
  7. Book: K. A. Nilakanta Sastri . K. A. Nilakanta Sastri . A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar . 23 May 2013 . 1976 . Oxford University Press . 424 . 978-0-19-560686-7 .
  8. Book: James Henry Nelson . The Madura Country: A Manual . 25 February 2013 . 1989 . Asian Educational Services . 978-81-206-0424-7 . 2 .