Honorific-Prefix: | The Right Honourable |
The Earl of Malmesbury | |
Honorific-Suffix: | GCB PC |
Order: | Leader of the House of Lords |
Term Start: | 27 February 1868 |
Term End: | 1 December 1868 |
Primeminister: | Benjamin Disraeli |
Predecessor: | The Earl of Derby |
Successor: | The Earl Granville |
Order1: | Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal |
Term Start1: | 21 February 1874 |
Term End1: | 12 August 1876 |
Monarch1: | Victoria |
Primeminister1: | Benjamin Disraeli |
Predecessor1: | The Viscount Halifax |
Successor1: | The Earl of Beaconsfield |
Term Start2: | 6 July 1866 |
Term End2: | 1 December 1868 |
Monarch2: | Victoria |
Primeminister2: | The Earl of Derby Benjamin Disraeli |
Predecessor2: | The Duke of Argyll |
Successor2: | The Earl of Kimberley |
Order3: | Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs |
Term Start4: | 27 February 1852 |
Term End4: | 28 December 1852 |
Monarch4: | Victoria |
Primeminister4: | The Earl of Derby |
Predecessor4: | The Earl Granville |
Successor4: | Lord John Russell |
Term Start3: | 26 February 1858 |
Term End3: | 18 June 1859 |
Monarch3: | Victoria |
Primeminister3: | The Earl of Derby |
Predecessor3: | The Earl of Clarendon |
Successor3: | Lord John Russell |
Office14: | Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal |
Term Start14: | 11 September 1841 |
Term End14: | 17 May 1889 Hereditary Peerage |
Predecessor14: | The 2nd Earl of Malmesbury |
Successor14: | The 4th Earl of Malmesbury |
Office15: | Member of Parliament for Wilton |
Term Start15: | 22 July 1841 |
Term End15: | 10 September 1841 |
Predecessor15: | Edward Baker |
Successor15: | James Agar |
Birth Date: | 25 March 1807 |
Nationality: | British |
Spouse: | 1 Lady Corisande Emma Bennet (d. 1876) (2) Susan Hamilton (d. 1935) |
James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury, GCB, PC (25 March 1807 – 17 May 1889), styled Viscount FitzHarris from 1820 to 1841, was a British statesman of the Victorian era.
James Howard Harris was born on 25 March 1807 in London, the eldest son and heir of James Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury, and his wife, Harriet Susan Dashwood, daughter of Francis Bateman Dashwood, of Well Vale, Lincolnshire, and his wife, Teresa March, daughter of John March, of Willeslet Park, Cambridgeshire.[1] Having been educated privately, he went to Eton College, a Public school, and Oriel College, Oxford, graduating from the latter in 1828 with a Bachelor of Arts degree.[2] [3] In the years that followed his graduation, he went travelling around Europe and making acquaintance with aristocratic circles, becoming familiar with Prince Louis Napoleon, who would later become Napoleon III of France.[2]
Harris married, firstly, on 13 May 1876, Lady Corisande Emma Bennet, daughter of Charles Augustus Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville, and his wife Corisanda, daughter of Antoine, duc de Gramont and sister of Agenor, duc de Gramont, who was Minister of Foreign Affairs for France in 1870.[4] She died in 1876.[1] After the death of his first wife, Malmesbury married a second time, on 1 November 1880, to Susan Hamilton, daughter of John Hamilton of Fyne Court, Somerset.[1]
In 1841 he had only just been elected to the House of Commons for Wilton as a Conservative, when his father died and he succeeded to the peerage. Malmesbury served as Foreign Secretary under the Earl of Derby in 1852 and again from 1858 to 1859 and was also Lord Privy Seal under Derby and Benjamin Disraeli between 1866 and 1868 and under Disraeli between 1874 and 1876. In 1852 he was admitted to the Privy Council. He was regarded as an influential Tory of the old school in the House of Lords at a time when Lord Derby and Disraeli were, in their different ways, moulding the Conservatism of the period.
In his two brief terms as foreign secretary, Malmesbury pursued a cautious, Conservative policy. His friendship with the exiled Louis Napoleon helped lead to quick British acquiescence in the Prince-President's decision to restore the Empire in 1852, but did not prevent Malmesbury from pursuing a policy relatively sympathetic to Austria during the crisis leading up to the Italian War of 1859. Malmesbury was particularly horrified by the behaviour of Cavour, and at the fact that a small country like Piedmont was able so easily to threaten the European peace.
His long life, and the publication of his Memoirs of an Ex-Minister in 1884, contributed to his reputation. The Memoirs, charmingly written, full of anecdote, and containing much interesting material for the history of the time, remain his chief title to remembrance. Lord Malmesbury also edited his grandfather's Diaries and Correspondence (1844), and in 1870 published The First Lord Malmesbury and His Friends.
Lord Malmesbury died childless in May 1889, aged 82, and was succeeded in the earldom by his nephew, Edward Harris.
Rex Factor Podcast. S1. Eps. 54-58 (56/57 specifically)