Harwich | |
Parliament: | uk |
Year: | 1885 |
Abolished: | 2010 |
Type: | County |
Elects Howmany: | one |
Region: | England |
European: | East of England |
Abolished2: | 1885 |
Year2: | 1604 |
Elects Howmany2: | Two to 1868, one from 1868 to 1885 |
Type2: | Borough |
Next2: | Harwich (County constituency) |
Harwich was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its abolition for the 2010 general election.
The Parliamentary Borough of Harwich had sent two members to the Parliament of England since it was founded in 1604[1] until 1707, then to the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and to the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801. Under the Reform Act of 1867 its representation was reduced to one,[2] and in 1885 the Parliamentary Borough was abolished and replaced with a Division of the County of Essex (later a County Constituency) under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. For a long period of time it was known as a "Treasury borough" due to the control the Treasury had over its elections.[3]
The constituency was abolished for the 2010 general election by the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, being succeeded by the new constituency of Clacton and part of the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.
Non-resident freeholders of the Parliamentary Borough of Colchester, which constituted the Municipal Borough thereof, were also entitled to vote.[4]
Formally known as the North Eastern or Harwich Division of Essex, incorporating the abolished Parliamentary Borough of Harwich and extending southwards and westwards to include the towns of Clacton and Brightlingsea and the rural areas surrounding Colchester.
Western, rural areas now included in the new Colchester Division of Essex.
No changes. (The Urban Districts of Frinton-on-Sea and Walton-on-the-Naze had been merged).
Western parts, including Brightlingsea and Wivenhoe, included in the new constituency of North Colchester.
A further western slice, including St Osyth, added to the new constituency of North Essex (which had largely succeeded North Colchester).
Following the Boundary Commission's Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, Parliament radically altered some constituencies and created new ones to allow for changes in population. Consequently, the constituency of Harwich was abolished. The majority of the constituency, including Clacton, Frinton and Walton, formed the new constituency of Clacton, and Harwich and surrounding areas were included in the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.
Constituency founded 1604
Parliament | First member | Second member | |
---|---|---|---|
1604 | Thomas Trevor | ||
1605 | John Panton | ||
1614 | Sir Robert Mansell | ||
1614 (Apr) | |||
1620 | Edward Grimston | ||
1624 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys | |
1625 | Sir Edmund Sawyer | Christopher Herrys | |
1626 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys | |
1628–1629 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys | |
1629–1640 | No Parliaments convened | ||
1640 (Apr) | Sir Thomas Cheek | ||
1640 (Nov) | Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet | Sir Thomas Cheek | |
1645 | Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet, died replaced 1647 by Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet who was secluded Dec 1648 in Pride's Purge | Sir Thomas Cheek | |
1648 | Sir Thomas Cheek | Capel Luckyn | |
1653 | Harwich not represented in Barebone's Parliament | ||
1654 | Harwich not represented in First Protectorate Parliament | ||
1656 | Harwich not represented in Second Protectorate Parliament | ||
1659 | John Sicklemore | Thomas King |
Election | Member | Party | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1868 < | -- 1867 Act, implemented for 1868 election --> | Representation reduced to one member | ||
Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | Conservative | |||
Henry Tyler | Conservative | |||
James Round | Conservative | |||
Arthur Lever | Liberal | |||
Harry Newton | Conservative | |||
Albert Hillary | Liberal | |||
Sir Frederick Rice | Conservative | |||
Sir John Pybus | Liberal | |||
Liberal National | ||||
Sir Stanley Holmes | Liberal National | |||
Julian Ridsdale | National Liberal | |||
1968 | Conservative | |||
1992 | Iain Sproat | Conservative | ||
1997 | Ivan Henderson | Labour | ||
2005 | Douglas Carswell | Conservative | ||
2010 | Constituency abolished: see Clacton and Harwich and North Essex |
Herries was appointed Secretary at War, requiring a by-election.[30]
Attwood's election was declared void on petition due to bribery by his agents, causing a by-election.[31]
Hobhouse was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Broughton and causing a by-election.
Prinsep's election was declared void on petition due to bribery, causing a by-election.[32]
Crawford's election was declared void, due to polling being closed prematurely, and the seat's writ was suspended in July 1851.[22] A by-election was called the next year.
Kelly resigned to contest a by-election in East Suffolk, causing a by-election.
Peacocke's election was declared void on petition, due to corrupt practices, causing a by-election.[33]
Warburton's death caused a by-election.
Bagshaw's resignation caused a by-election.
Campbell succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Stratheden and Campbell, and causing a by-election.
Seat reduced to one member
General Election 1914–15:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
General Election 1939–40:Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;
This was the Referendum Party's best result in the election.