GWR 1400 Class explained

GWR 4800 class (later 1400 class)
Powertype:Steam
Designer:Charles Collett
Builder:Great Western Railway, Swindon Works
Ordernumber:Lots 279, 287, 288
Builddate:1932–1936
Totalproduction:75
Uicclass:B1 nt
Driverdiameter:5feet
Trailingdiameter:3feet
Wheelbase:15feet
Length:29feet
Width:8feet
Height:12feet
Axleload:
(13LT) full
Weightondrivers:
(27LT) full
Locoweight:
(41LT) full
Fueltype:Coal
Fuelcap:
(2LT)
Watercap:800impgal
Boiler:GWR 4800
Boilerpressure:165psi
Firearea:12.8square feet
Tubearea:869.8square feet
Fireboxarea:83.2square feet
Superheatertype:None
Cylindercount:Two, inside
Cylindersize:16x
Valvegear:Stephenson
Valvetype:Slide valves
Tractiveeffort:13900lbf
Trainheating:Steam
Trainbrakes:Vacuum
Operatorclass:4800, later 1400
Powerclass:GWR: Unclassified,
BR: 1P
Fleetnumbers:4800–4874, later 1400–1474
Axleloadclass:GWR: Unclassified
Locale:Western Region branch lines
Withdrawndate:1956–1965
Preservedunits:1420, 1442, 1450, 1466
Disposition:Four preserved, remainder scrapped

The GWR 1400 Class is a class of steam locomotive designed by the Great Western Railway for branch line passenger work. It was originally classified as the 4800 Class when introduced in 1932, and renumbered in 1946.

Although credited to Charles Collett, the design dated back to 1868 with the introduction of the George Armstrong 517 class.

Precursors

Like the 48xx/14xx, the 517 Class was a lightweight loco for branchline work; it was built at Wolverhampton Works between 1868 and 1885.

In this period evolutionary changes included:

Later gradual changes included: Belpaire fireboxes, boilers rated at 165psi as opposed to 150psi, full cabs, extended bunkers and the progressive conversion of short wheelbase locos to 15feet or 15feet. From 1924 onwards, several were converted to run with an autocoach, and in this configuration were the direct ancestors of the 48xx class.

In this form, the updated 517s were but a small step away from the 48xx. The wheelbase was still 15feet, the boiler still rated at only 165psi, and the wheels 5feet and 3feet. New was the Collett-style cab and bunker and the boiler nominally to a new design. A three bar crosshead was added to the motion. This was a 1924 innovation introduced with the GWR 5600 Class and also seen in the 1930s-built 5400, 6400 and 7400 classes of pannier tanks.

Into service

The 4800 Class was designed as a more modern version of the 517 Class, which were by then beginning to show their relative age. The first locomotive, No 4800, was built by Swindon Works and entered service in 1932, with a further seventy-four engines of this type following up to 1936. During this period, Swindon also built twenty 5800 Class engines, which were broadly similar but which were not fitted with autotrain equipment or the Swindon top feed as later fitted to a number of 4800 class engines.

The 4800 Class locomotives retained their original numbers until the GWR decided to experimentally convert twelve 2800 Class 2-8-0s for oil-firing. It was decided that the converted engines would be reclassified as the 4800 Class and so the 75 tank locomotives already carrying this designation were reclassified as the 1400 Class with running numbers 1400-1474. The engines did not revert to their original classification after the experiment ended in 1948. They could reach a maximum speed of 80mph which was much faster than the diesel railcars designed to replace them could reach.[1]

During the 1953 production of the Ealing comedy The Titfield Thunderbolt, 14xx locomotives Nos. 1401 and 1456 (doubling as 1401) were specially assigned to the film shoot, which took place primarily in the Limpley Stoke area. For this, the locomotives were temporarily allocated to Westbury locomotive depot.[2]

The 1400 Class was designed to work with the GWR design of autocoach, a specialist coach designed for push-pull working and which could also be used with similarly equipped engines such as the 517 Class, and the 5400, 6400 and the older 2021 classes. This lack of auto gear was the cause of earlier scrapping of the 5800 Class as there was no work for them. The last, no. 5815, was withdrawn from Swindon shed in April 1961.

The auto-fitted locos fared little better; scrapping commenced in 1956 and all were withdrawn by early 1965. Nos. 1442 and 1450 were withdrawn from Exmouth Junction shed in May 1965. By the early 1960s several had been in store (parked in an out-of-the-way siding with a tarpaulin over the chimney) for some time, being occasionally steamed to replace failed diesels.

Table of orders and numbers! Year !! Quantity !! Lot No. !! Locomotive numbers !! Notes
1932–33 30 279 4800–4829 align=left renumbered 1400–1429 in 1946
1934–35 30 288 4830–4859 align=left renumbered 1430–1459 in 1946
1936 15 287 4860–4874 align=left renumbered 1460–1474 in 1946

Preservation

Four examples have been preserved, all late withdrawals from service in the 1963-1965 period. All went direct to preservation from British Railways in relatively good condition.

Loco numbers in bold mean their current number.

NumberBuiltWithdrawnService LifeLocationOwnersLiveryConditionMainline CertifiedPhotographNotes
GWRGWR (1946)
48201420Nov. 1933Nov. 196431 YearsSouth Devon RailwaySouth Devon Railway AssociationGWR GreenUndergoing overhaulNoHas carried the name Bulliver in preservation; "Bulliver" was the local name given to the Ashburton branch line train (which used the route of the present South Devon Railway).[3]
48421442Apr. 1935May 196530 Years, 1 monthTiverton, DevonTiverton MuseumGWR GreenStatic exhibitNoWas displayed in the open air at Blundell's Road until 1978 when it was moved to its present location.
48501450Jul. 1935May 196529 Years, 10 monthsSevern Valley RailwayPrivately ownedGWR Green Undergoing Overhaul[4] FormerlyFormerly owned by the Dart Valley (later South Devon) Railway. In 1991 it was sold to present owner Mike Little who formed Pull Push Ltd. to manage its operation. Has resided on the SVR since 2014 when it was moved from the Dean Forest Railway.
48661466Feb. 1936Dec. 196327 Years, 10 monthsDidcot Railway CentreGreat Western SocietyBR BlackUndergoing overhaulNoWas the first example to be preserved, being sold to the GWS for £750 in April 1964.[5]

1442 spent its last years working between Tiverton and Tiverton Junction and became known as Tivvy Bumper. It was purchased by Lord Amory in 1965 for display at Tiverton.[6] All preserved examples apart from 1442 are fitted with auto train equipment, and 1450 has also operated on the mainline in preservation, but due to its size was restricted in the amount of work it could do and was also restricted on mileage, as the 1400s only have a max water capacity of 800impgal. During the 1990s it worked a number of Dawlish Donkey trips from Exeter St Davids to Newton Abbot.

In fiction

Models

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Speller . John . Collett Locomotives . John Speller's Web Pages . 25 June 2020 . 22 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201022234740/https://spellerweb.net/rhindex/UKRH/GreatWestern/Narrowgauge/Collett.html#:~:text=The%20epitome%20of%20GWR%20branch,which%20replaced%20them%20could%20achieve. . dead .
  2. Book: Castens, Simon . On the Trail of The Titfield Thunderbolt . 2018 . Thunderbolt Books . Bath . 978-1-912038-99-2.
  3. Web site: Bulliver. South Devon Railway. 2022-03-11.
  4. Web site: The Flour Mill - Our Projects . 2024-08-19 . www.theflourmill.com.
  5. Web site: 1466/4866-48XX/14XX Class. Didcot Railway Centre. 2022-03-11.
  6. Web site: 2021-12-21. 1442 - Preserved British Steam Locomotives.
  7. Book: The Island of Sodor, Its People, History and Railways . Awdry, Wilbert Vere . 132.
  8. Web site: Oliver - Character Profile & Bio Thomas & Friends . Gullane (Thomas) Ltd. . 27 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170627180923/http://play.thomasandfriends.com/en-us/engines/Oliver.html . 27 June 2017 . dead.
  9. Web site: Hattons Exclusive 14xx 2nd EPs arrive. Hattons Model Railways. June 15, 2016. David. Mylett.
  10. Web site: 2nd Batch of colour samples for 14xx. Hattons Model Railways. June 24, 2016. David. Mylett.
  11. Web site: Welcome to Tower Models Website. Tower Models. 2017-09-06.