Famous Paintings through the Ages explained

On Famous Paintings through the Ages(历代名画记, Lidai Minghuaji) is book on classical Chinese paintings written by Zhang Yanyuan(张彦远) of the Tang dynasty. It's considered the first comprehensive history of paintings in China. Many later historical and literary works such as Taiping Guangji(太平广记), Taiping Yulan(太平御览), and History of Painting(画史) by Mi Fu drew extensively from this book for painting related content during the Tang and earlier centuries. [1]

Creation and editions

Volume One of the book titled "The Rise and Fall of Painting" concludes with an inscription dated "the first year of the Dazhong era," corresponding to year 847. The author further noted that the book recorded "from the legendary figure Shihuang (also known as Cangjie, the chief minister of the Yellow Emperor, skilled in painting) to the first year of the Hui Chang era in the Tang dynasty, a total of 372 individuals were included. The sequence is meticulously arranged, and the evaluations are quite accurate. In addition, I have studied extensively various accounts of literature to elaborate on the process of my assessment, so that future scholars can continue their research based on this foundation I laid."[2] Meanwhile, in Volume Three, "Murals at the West Capital Temple," a reference was made to "the seventh year of the Dazhong era" (853), indicating that the author was still actively working on the content after 847, with the final version being completed no earlier than 853. [3]

According to Ming dynasty book collector, publisher Mao Jin' s account, the Zhang family of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi Province) to which Zhang Yanyuan belonged, "collected distinguished calligraphy and paintings for three generations." Zhang's great grandfather and grandfather were both high ranking officials serving at the imperial courts, as well as avid collectors of calligraphy and paintings. The Zhang family collection once rivalled that of the royal family; and Empire Xianzong requested the Zhangs to surrender their collections to the court. [4] Mao Jin believed that this family background and resources available served as the foundation for creating the book. [5]

The book was initially circulated in manuscript form. During the reign of Emperor Lizong of the Southern Song dynasty (1224-1264), it was carved into woodblocks and printed in the capital city Lin'An, becoming a definitive edition. Most manuscripts and printed copies from the Ming and Qing dynasties were based on the Southern Song edition. The two surviving manuscripts housed in the National Library of China and the Kyushu University Library in Japan were believed to be copied during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Among all historical editions, Mao Jin's Jigu Ge edition is of the best quality and has the widest circulation.

Legacy

The book consists of ten volumes, with the first three volumes serving as a general discussion on the study and theory of painting. The remaining seven volumes are biographies of painters written in chronological order, making it a comprehensive encyclopedia of painting history at the time. Before the creation of the book, Chinese art-related works mainly focused on appreciation and cataloging, such as Gu Kaizhi's (顾恺之) On Painting and Xie He's (谢赫) Classified Record of Ancient Paintings. Zhang Yanyuan thus pioneered Chinese art history by being the first to document painters in a chronological format.

Notes and References

  1. 罗世平,回望张彦远——张彦远《历代名画记》的整理与研究(上),中國美術,2010年01期
  2. 《历代名画记》第一卷《叙画之兴废》:"自史皇至今大唐会昌元年凡三百七十二人,编次无差,铨量颇定。此外旁求错综,心目所鉴,言之无隐,将来者能撰述其或继之”
  3. 陈池瑜. 张彦远《历代名画记》的画史体系与史学理论. 《南京艺术学院学报(美术与设计版)》 2009年第2期
  4. Web site: 中国的“画史之祖”——《历代名画记译注》出版_腾讯新闻 . 2024-04-22 . new.qq.com.
  5. Luo . Shi-Ping . 2006 . 回望張彥遠- 張彥遠《歷代名畫記》的整理與研究 . 造形藝術學刊, 國立臺灣藝術大學.