Death of Conrad Roy explained

Death of Conrad Roy
Map:Bristol County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Fairhaven highlighted.svg
Location:Kmart parking lot in Fairhaven, Massachusetts, U.S.
Type:Coerced suicide, homicide,[1] [2] manslaughter, mariticide
Weapon:Carbon monoxide poisoning
Motive:Attention seeking[3]
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Organizers:-->
Perpetrator:Michelle Diana Carter
Victim:Conrad Henri Roy III, aged 18
Verdict:Guilty
Convictions:Involuntary manslaughter

Child:yes
Sentence:15 months in prison (paroled after 11 months) plus 15 months probation[4]
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Conrad Henri Roy III (September 12, 1995 – July 12, 2014) was an American marine salvage captain who died by suicide at the age of 18. His girlfriend, 17-year-old Michelle Carter, had encouraged him in text messages to kill himself.

The case was the subject of an investigation and involuntary manslaughter trial in Massachusetts, colloquially known as the "texting suicide case." It involved scores of text messages, emails, and phone calls recorded between Carter and Roy in the lead up to his death, in which Carter repeatedly texted Roy to kill himself. Roy had seen numerous mental health professionals and had been prescribed psychiatric medication.

After a bench trial, presiding judge Lawrence Moniz found Carter guilty of involuntary manslaughter, concluding that she wanted Roy dead and that her words coerced him to kill himself. Moniz's decision rested chiefly on Carter's final phone call in which she ordered a terrified Roy to go back inside his truck as it filled with carbon monoxide.[5] [6] Initially sentenced to 2½ years in prison, Carter had her penalty later reduced to 15 months, of which she served 11 months and 12 days. The case raised questions pertaining to the nature and limits of criminal responsibility.[7]

Roy's mental health and relationship with Carter

Subject Name:Michelle Carter
Birth Name:Michelle Diana Carter
Birth Date:11 August 1996
Birth Place:Plainville, Massachusetts, U.S.
Partners:Conrad Roy (2012–2014; his death)
Known For:Causing the death of Conrad Roy
Conviction:Involuntary manslaughter
Penalty:15 months in prison plus 15 months probation
Status:
  • Released from probation on August 1, 2022[8]
  • Released early from prison on January 23, 2020 for good conduct[9]
Imprisoned:Bristol County House of Correction
Victims:Conrad Roy
Date:July 13, 2014
States:Massachusetts
Apprehended:February 4, 2015

Conrad Roy was born on September 12, 1995, in Mattapoisett, Massachusetts. He worked with his father, grandfather, and uncle for several years in his family's marine salvage business, Tucker-Roy Marine Towing and Salvage, Inc., in the New England area.

In the spring of 2014, he earned his captain's license from the Northeast Maritime Institute by completing three months of night classes.[10] In June 2014, he graduated on the Honor Roll (highest grades) from Old Rochester Regional High School (ORR) in Mattapoisett. He was a high school athlete who played baseball, rowed crew, and ran track. He graduated with a 3.88 GPA and was accepted to Fitchburg State University to study business, which he never attended.[11]

Michelle Carter was born on August 11, 1996, in Massachusetts to Gail and David Carter. She went to King Philip Regional High School, in Wrentham. In 2014, she was prescribed citalopram, also known as Celexa, to treat anxiety and depression.[12]

Carter and Roy met in Florida in 2012 while each had been visiting relatives. After this initial encounter, they saw each other in person again only a handful of times over the course of two years, despite having lived only about away from each other.[13] Instead, they mostly exchanged text messages and emails.[14] [15] [16]

According to court documents, Roy had allegedly been physically hit by his father and verbally abused by his grandfather. He attempted suicide in October 2012, after the divorce of his parents.[14] [17] After learning that he was planning to kill himself, Carter repeatedly discouraged him in 2012 and 2014, and encouraged him to "get professional help." However, her attitude changed in July 2014, when she started thinking that it would be a good thing "to help him die."[14] In June, Roy texted Carter suggesting they act like Romeo and Juliet, which implied that they both agreed to killing themselves.[18]

Roy struggled with social anxiety and depression for which he had seen several therapists and counselors, including a cognitive behavioral therapist in the weeks prior to his death. He had been hospitalized for an acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose at the age of 17; he was talking to a girl he had met in a group and she called the police.[10] [19] Like Carter, he had also been taking the antidepressant citalopram.[20] In the United States, citalopram carries a boxed warning stating it may increase suicidal thinking and behavior in those under age 24. In 2016, the judge had refused the defense's request for funds to hire an expert on Celexa, describing it as "speculative".[21] [22] [23] Videos that Roy made of himself talking to a camera formed an important part of the case.[24]

Roy's death

On Saturday, July 12, 2014, following digital exchanges with Carter, Roy died by suicide by poisoning himself with carbon monoxide fumes in his truck in a Kmart parking lot in Fairhaven, Massachusetts.

Roy's funeral was held on Saturday, July 19, 2014, at St. Anthony's Church in Mattapoisett. The Captain Conrad H. Roy III Scholarship Fund at the Northeast Maritime Institute in Fairhaven, Massachusetts, was established in his memory.[25]

Commonwealth v. Michelle Carter

Commonwealth v. Michelle Carter
Court:New Bedford Juvenile Court
Full Name:The Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Michelle Diana Carter
Submitdate:February 4, 2015
Verdict:Guilty of involuntary manslaughter
Number Of Judges:7
Decision By:Lawrence Moniz
Subsequent Actions:Defendant was sentenced to 2½ years in prison (sentence later reduced to 15 months).
Italic Title:no

Michelle Carter was indicted on February 4, 2015, and arraigned the following day in New Bedford Juvenile Court in Taunton, Massachusetts on charges of involuntary manslaughter. The grand jury found enough to charge her with "wantonly and recklessly" assisting the suicide. She was 17 at the time and the court indicted her as a "youthful offender" rather than a "juvenile," meaning she could be sentenced as an adult.[26] [27]

In June 2015, a district court judge denied a defense motion to remove the Bristol County District Attorney's office from the prosecution. The defense argued that DA Thomas M. Quinn III should be removed because he is first cousin to Roy's grandmother Janice Roy and therefore Conrad's first cousin twice removed. However, Quinn had already handed the case over to Deputy DA William McCauley.[28]

On July 1, 2016 an appeal of the grand jury indictment, to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court was also denied, allowing the case to go forward.[29] [30] Justice Robert J. Cordy, writing for the unanimous court, found there was probable cause to sustain the manslaughter indictment.[31]

On June 5, 2017, the day before the trial was scheduled to begin, Carter waived her right to a jury trial. Therefore, the case was heard by Judge Lawrence Moniz in the Bristol County Juvenile Court of Massachusetts, in Taunton.[32] [33] Carter was represented by Joseph P. Cataldo and Cory Madera.[34] As there was limited legal precedent for prosecuting the encouragement of suicide, Cataldo initially asked a Taunton Juvenile Court judge for summary dismissal, arguing that Carter's texts were protected under the First Amendment and that the text history showed that Roy had been contemplating suicide without Carter's input. The judge declined this motion.[35] [36]

On June 16, 2017, Moniz found Carter guilty of involuntary manslaughter.[37] [38] [39] He stated prior to his ruling that it was Carter's phone calls with Roy when he was in his truck gassing himself (as described by Carter's texts to friends), rather than the preceding text messages, that caused him to go through with killing himself.[40] Moniz found that Roy had broken the "chain of self-causation" towards his suicide when he exited the truck. Carter urged Roy to return to his truck, and it was her wanton and reckless encouragement that caused his death.

After the guilty verdict, Roy's father stated publicly that the family was pleased with the verdict but that they wanted privacy. Roy's mother, Lynn, appeared on the CBS 48 Hours show, saying she didn't believe Carter had a conscience and that she knew exactly what she was doing.[41]

Carter remained free on bail pending her sentencing.[42] On August 3, 2017, Moniz sentenced Carter to serve a two-and-a-half-year term, with 15 months to be served in the Bristol County House of Corrections, the balance of the term suspended, and five years of probation.[43] [44] Soon after the sentencing, Carter's lawyers asked Moniz to issue a stay of the sentence until all of Carter's Massachusetts court appeals were exhausted. Moniz granted the stay with condition that Carter avoid the Roy family.[45]

On February 6, 2019, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that Carter acted with criminal intent when she encouraged Roy's suicide, so her involuntary manslaughter conviction was upheld and Carter's 15-month prison sentence would be enforced.[46] The rest of the 2½-year sentence was suspended, followed by five years of probation.[47]

Under order from a Massachusetts judge, Carter began serving her sentence on February 11, 2019.[48] [49] [50] Carter had a parole hearing for early release and her request was denied on September 20, 2019.[51]

Carter's lawyers appealed the case to the Supreme Court of the United States in July 2019 based upon First Amendment and Fifth Amendment grounds.[52] Carter's defense lawyers argued that Roy had a history of suicide attempts and the decision to end his life was his own,[53] that Carter was "bewildered" over the case against her, and that, "taking all the texts in context, she tried to talk him out of it."[54] They argued in initial hearings that the defendant had broken no law, had a First Amendment right to free speech, and was a juvenile. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case in January 2020, leaving in place her conviction.[55]

On January 23, 2020, Carter was released from prison more than three months early due to good conduct.[56] Massachusetts state law allows inmates to reduce their sentences by 10 days per month for exemplary behavior. Carter served 11 months and 12 days of her 15-month sentence.[57]

Legal repercussions

Possible effects

Some expected the case to set a legal precedent,[58] regarding, as Ray Sanchez and Natisha Lance of CNN put it, "whether it's a crime to tell someone to commit suicide." Sanchez and Lance also stated that "The ruling [...] may spur lawmakers to codify the behavior highlighted in the case as criminal."[59] The judge had noted that Carter had willed Roy's death, that she did not order him out of the truck and that her actions "put him in that toxic environment" which "constituted reckless conduct" and "that the conduct caused the death of Mr. Roy."[59]

While U.S. law does not allow the lower-court decision to bind other courts,[60] legal professionals believe it could have a social effect by raising other courts' attention to new, digital methods of committing crimes.[61] The case also attempts to redefine the social spectrum in which attitudes and behaviors would qualify as criminal that were not considered criminal before.[62]

Civil suit

In August 2017, Lynn Roy filed a $4.2 million wrongful death lawsuit for the death of her son against Carter, a suit which Lynn Roy's attorney later reported as "resolved" without comment, and which was dismissed "with prejudice and without costs."[63] This docket record appearance is consistent with an out-of-court settlement. Settlement agreements often contain provisions that limit public comment by the parties.

In media

On June 16, 2017, 48 Hours aired "Death by Text," an in-depth investigation of the events surrounding Roy's death.[41]

On September 23, 2018, Lifetime released a telefilm entitled Conrad & Michelle: If Words Could Kill which stars Austin P. McKenzie as Conrad Roy and Bella Thorne as Michelle Carter.[64]

A Dateline NBC episode regarding the case, entitled "Reckless," aired on NBC on February 8, 2019. In addition to covering the court proceedings of Carter's conviction, Dateline correspondent Andrea Canning interviewed both the prosecution and defense attorneys, along with Conrad Roy's family members.[65]

On July 9, 2019, HBO released a two-part documentary on the case called , which explored the complicated relationship between Carter and Roy, drawing on some of the thousands of texts they exchanged over two years to chronicle their courtship and its tragic consequences. The film premiered at South by Southwest 2019, and was directed and produced by Erin Lee Carr.[66] The same week as the documentary release, Carter's lawyers submitted a petition[67] to the Supreme Court to consider her encouragement to commit suicide as protected free speech. Constitutional law scholar Eugene Volokh was reported as saying he did not expect the justices to take the case.[68] The court declined to take up the case in January 2020.[69]

On August 15, 2019, it was announced that Universal Cable Productions was developing a television series inspired by the case.[70] On August 7, 2020, Variety reported that Elle Fanning would be starring as Michelle Carter and the series would be titled The Girl from Plainville which would be on Hulu.[71] Fanning, Liz Hannah, Patrick Macmanus and Brittany Kahan Ward are executive producers of the series and Unbelievable director Lisa Cholodenko was announced to direct the first two episodes.[72]

On May 7, 2021, the band SKYND, known for their true crime-inspired music, released a single titled "Michelle Carter" based on the events of the case.[73] SKYND commented on the case to Wall of Sound, saying, "She could have helped him but instead she repeated herself over and over again telling Conrad to kill himself."[74]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Michelle Carter, who urged her boyfriend to commit suicide, found guilty in his death. .
  2. Web site: Where Is Michelle Carter Now?. April 2022 .
  3. Web site: Inside Michelle Carter's suicide texting trial . . 3 August 2017 . 14 September 2022.
  4. Web site: Michelle Carter's probation for involuntary manslaughter in death of Conrad Roy has ended.
  5. Web site: High court upholds texting suicide manslaughter conviction. Durkin Richer, Alanna. Associated Press. en-US. live. February 6, 2019. March 7, 2022. December 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201230060221/https://apnews.com/article/abd449bd66274f698e9ff4d4c2247a8e.
  6. Book: Tunick, Mark. 2019-04-16. Texting, Suicide, and The Law. 10.4324/9780429242977. 9780429242977. 197742682.
  7. News: 5 Things to Know: The Teen Girl Who Allegedly Urged Her Boyfriend to Kill Himself Via Texts. Truesdell, Jff. People. en-US. live. June 6, 2017. March 7, 2022. June 6, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170606214407/http://people.com/crime/michelle-carter-and-conrad-roy-text-messages-trial-begins/.
  8. Web site: Michelle Carter's probation for involuntary manslaughter in death of Conrad Roy has ended.
  9. News: McNamara . Audrey . Michelle Carter, who urged her boyfriend to kill himself in texts, is released early from jail . CBS News . 2020-01-23 . 2020-01-23 .
  10. News: Court filing reopens wound for family of Conrad Roy III. Mike. Lawrence. southcoasttoday.com. 2017-06-26. en.
  11. News: Michelle Carter trial: Conrad Roy's mother chokes up while testifying about last day they spent together. masslive.com. 2017-06-26. en-US.
  12. Web site: June 12, 2017 . Chris . Harris . Michelle Carter Trial: Psychiatrist Testifies . 2022-06-22 . PEOPLE.com . en.
  13. Web site: La Miere. Jason. WHO IS MICHELLE CARTER? VERDICT REACHED IN TEXTING SUICIDE TRIAL INVOLVING DEATH OF CONRAD ROY III. Newsweek. 6 August 2017. 16 June 2017.
  14. Web site: Trial Over Suicide and Texting Lays Bare Pain of 2 Teenagers. Katharine Q.. Seelye. Jess. Bidgood. 12 June 2017. 6 February 2019. The New York Times.
  15. Web site: Death by Text: The case against Michelle Carter. CBS News.
  16. News: What We Know About the Michelle Carter Suicide Texting Case. The New York Times. July 9, 2019. Taylor. Kate.
  17. News: Judge hears two different portraits of Plainville woman during texting-suicide trial. David. Linton. The Sun Chronicle. 2017-06-28. en.
  18. News: Michelle Carter trial: Was Conrad Roy 'Romeo' or a 'pawn?' Defense and prosecution clash in opening statements. masslive.com. 2017-06-26. en-US.
  19. News: Does Encouraging Suicide Make You a Killer?. 2016-03-01. The Cut. 2017-06-26. en.
  20. News: Attorney for teen accused of encouraging boyfriend to kill himself raises questions about antidepressant. 2016-07-29. Boston.com. 2017-06-20. en-US.
  21. News: Michelle Carter Might Not Be The Only Thing Responsible For Conrad Roy's Death. 2017-06-09. Thought Catalog. 2017-08-07. en-US.
  22. Web site: Celexa (citalopram hydrobromide) Tablets/Oral Solution. Prescribing Information. Forest Laboratories, Inc..
  23. Web site: Judge denies funds for drug expert in texting suicide case. Associated Press. 2016-12-01. Wpri.com. 2017-08-07.
  24. News: Videos of Conrad Roy now key evidence in texting suicide trial. Cbsnews.com. 2017-06-30. en.
  25. Web site: Conrad Roy Obituary - Mattapoisett, Massachusetts. Tributes.com. 6 February 2019.
  26. News: Plainville teen charged with manslaughter in friend's suicide . The Boston Globe. 2017-06-26.
  27. Trial Begins for Teen Accused of Urging Boyfriend to Suicide. Rolling Stone. 2017-06-26.
  28. News: Bristol DA's office can continue to prosecute Michelle Carter case. Curt Brown. southcoasttoday.com. 2017-06-26. en.
  29. Web site: Here's what Mass. Supreme Court justices asked about the suicide-encouragement case. 7 April 2016. Boston.com. 6 February 2019.
  30. News: Court OKs trial for girl who texted boyfriend urging suicide. AP News. 2017-06-26. en-US.
  31. Commonwealth v. Carter. 52 . N.E.3d . 1054 . Mass.. 2016. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=11887157841381117748.
  32. Web site: Michelle Carter waives right to jury trial; judge will decide case. Krause. Nancy. Machado. Steph. 2017-06-06. Wwlp.com. 2017-06-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20170608181345/http://wwlp.com/2017/06/05/michelle-carter-waives-right-to-jury-trial-judge-will-decide-case/. 2017-06-08. dead.
  33. News: Judge, not jury, will decide texting suicide case. June 5, 2017. Boston Globe. Ransom. Jan. John R.. Ellement.
  34. News: Michelle Carter found guilty in Massachusetts texting suicide case. June 16, 2017. Los Angeles Times. Demick. Barbara. 2018-01-11.
  35. Web site: Five facts to know about Michelle Carter, the Plainville teen accused of encouraging her boyfriend's suicide. Masslive.com. March 2016. June 13, 2017.
  36. News: Manslaughter Trial Begins for Woman Accused of Coercing Suicide through Text Messages. 2017-06-06. Forensic Magazine. 2017-06-26.
  37. Web site: Michelle Carter text suicide trial verdict: Guilty. CBSNews.com. 16 June 2017.
  38. Web site: Michelle Carter found guilty in texting suicide case. BostonGlobe.com. 16 June 2017.
  39. News: Judge finds Michelle Carter guilty of manslaughter in texting suicide case. 16 June 2017. Cable News Network/Turner Broadcasting. CNN. Lance. Natisha. Sanchez. Ray. 16 June 2017.
  40. News: Michelle Carter found guilty by judge in text message suicide case. masslive.com. 2017-06-26. en-US.
  41. News: Teen's Parents Speak Out on the Girlfriend Who Encouraged Their Son's Suicide. 2017-06-16. People. 2017-06-26. en-US.
  42. Web site: Michelle Carter found guilty of manslaughter in texting-suicide case. WHDH. 6 February 2019.
  43. Web site: Woman sentenced to 15 months in texting suicide case. Ray Sanchez, Natisha Lance and Eric Levenson and. Cnn.com. August 3, 2017. 2017-08-03.
  44. News: Michelle Carter sentenced in texting suicide case. 2017-08-03. Boston Globe. 2017-08-03. en-US.
  45. News: Michelle Carter, woman in suicide texting case, sentenced. Lam. Katherine. 2017-08-03. Fox News. 2017-08-03. en-US.
  46. News: Ellement . John R. . Andersen . Travis . Mass. high court upholds Michelle Carter ruling . . 2019-02-06 . 2019-02-06 .
  47. Web site: State's highest court affirms involuntary manslaughter conviction in texting-suicide case. 2019-02-06. WCVB. en. 2019-02-06.
  48. News: Andersen . Travis . Finucane . Martin . Judge orders Michelle Carter to begin serving sentence . . 2019-02-11 . 2019-02-11 .
  49. Web site: Michelle Carter's Conviction Upheld For Texts Encouraging Her Boyfriend's Suicide . https://web.archive.org/web/20190428045443/https://www.investigationdiscovery.com/crimefeed/murder/michelle-carter-conviction-upheld-texts-encouraging-suicide . 28 April 2019 . Investigation Discovery . 10 February 2019 . Boston, MA . 7 February 2019.
  50. News: Conviction upheld for woman who urged boyfriend's suicide . 10 February 2019 . Associated Press . ABC11 Raleigh-Durham . 7 February 2019 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011529/https://abc11.com/conviction-upheld-for-woman-who-urged-boyfriends-suicide/5124750/ . 12 February 2019 . dead.
  51. News: Ellement . John R. . Michelle Carter denied early release from prison by Mass. Parole Board . . 2019-09-20 . 2019-09-20.
  52. News: McDonald . Danny . Attorneys for Michelle Carter ask US Supreme Court to review her conviction in suicide case . . 2019-07-08 . 2019-07-09.
  53. News: Defense: Michelle Carter was a 'very troubled youngster. 16 June 2017. Boston Globe Media Partners. Associated Press. 16 June 2017.
  54. Web site: Lawyer: Plainville teen 'bewildered' over involuntary manslaughter charges in friend's suicide death. Jim Hand. The Sun Chronicle. 6 February 2019.
  55. Web site: Supreme Court won't take up appeal of Michelle Carter's conviction for role in boyfriend's suicide . Ariane . de Vogue . Devan . Cole . January 13, 2020 . January 13, 2020 . CNN.
  56. Web site: Michelle Carter, Who Encouraged Her Boyfriend To Kill Himself, Was Released From Prison Early. BuzzFeed News. en. 2020-01-23.
  57. Web site: Why Michelle Carter Was Released More than 3 Months Early From Her Prison Sentence . Truesdell . Jeff . January 23, 2020 . People.com . People . June 12, 2021.
  58. Web site: McGovern: Michelle Carter case set to make legal history. 16 June 2017. Bostonherald.com. 6 February 2019.
  59. Web site: Judge finds Michelle Carter guilty of manslaughter in texting suicide case. Ray Sanchez. Natisha Lance. CNN. June 16, 2017. 6 February 2019.
  60. Web site: Guilty Verdict for Young Woman Who Urged Friend to Kill Himself. Katharine Q.. Seelye. Jess. Bidgood. 16 June 2017. 6 February 2019. The New York Times.
  61. News: Bever. Lindsey. e Michelle Carter, who urged her boyfriend to attempt suicide, found guilty in his death. 17 June 2017. Washington Post. Fred Ryan. June 16, 2017.
  62. News: Seelye. Katharine Q.. Michelle Carter Is Guilty of Manslaughter in Texting Suicide Case. 17 June 2017. The New York Times. 16 June 2017.
  63. News: Burke . Minyvonne . Wrongful death lawsuit against Michelle Carter who encouraged boyfriend's suicide is dismissed . 4 November 2022 . . April 10, 2019.
  64. News: Baty. Emma. Bella Thorne Will Play Michelle Carter in New Lifetime Movie About Conrad Roy III's Suicide. Cosmopolitan. August 27, 2018. September 25, 2018.
  65. News: Truesdell . Jeff . After Urging Boyfriend to Kill Himself, Mass. Teen Told His Grieving Family She Tried to Save Him . 9 February 2019 . People . 8 February 2019 . en.
  66. News: I Love You, Now Die: The Commonwealth vs. Michelle Carter. HBO. July 8, 2019.
  67. Web site: Daniel N. Marx . PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI . 10 July 2019 . 8 July 2019.
  68. News: Stanley-Becker . Isaac . She urged her boyfriend to die. Now she's asking the Supreme Court to call it free speech. . 10 July 2019 . The Washington Post . July 9, 2019.
  69. Web site: Justices issue more orders, but no action on high-profile cases. Amy Howe. SCOTUSblog. January 13, 2020. May 29, 2020.
  70. Web site: UCP To Develop True Crime Series About Texting Suicide Case. Petski. Denise. Andreeva. Nellie. 2019-08-15. Deadline. en. 2019-08-24.
  71. Web site: Otterson. Joe. 2020-08-07. Elle Fanning to Star in Hulu Series Based on Michelle Carter Texting Suicide Case. 2020-08-07. Variety. en.
  72. Web site: Lisa Cholodenko To Direct Elle Fanning Hulu Series 'The Girl from Plainville' . White . Peter . April 14, 2021 . Deadline.com . Deadline . June 12, 2021.
  73. Web site: 2021-05-07. NEWS: SKYND release new song, 'Michelle Carter'!. 2021-05-07. DEAD PRESS! It's more than "just music" to us. en-GB. May 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507094209/https://www.deadpress.co.uk/news-skynd-release-new-song-michelle-carter/. dead.
  74. Web site: Brown. Paul 'Browny'. 2021-05-08. SKYND Return with New True Crime Track 'Michelle Carter'. 2021-05-10. Wall Of Sound. en-US.