Awyu–Ok | |
Also Known As: | Digul River – Ok |
Region: | central New Guinea |
Familycolor: | Papuan |
Fam1: | Trans–New Guinea |
Fam2: | Central West New Guinea |
Child1: | Digul River (Greater Awyu) |
Child2: | Kamula–Elevala |
Child3: | Ok |
Protoname: | Proto-Awyu–Ok |
Glotto: | awyu1265 |
The Awyu–Ok languages are a group of Trans–New Guinea families in central New Guinea established by Timothy Usher, though with precedents in earlier studies.
The three language families in Awyu–Ok are as follows:[1]
The Oksapmin language is sometimes classified as the nearest relative of Ok. However, it's unclear whether the similarities are due to relationship or to contact between Oksapmin and Mountain Ok (or both).
Proto-Awyu–Ok | |
Target: | Awyu–Ok languages |
Familycolor: | Papuan |
Ancestor: | Proto-Trans–New Guinea |
Child1: | Proto-Digul River |
Child2: | Proto-Kamula–Elevala |
Child3: | Proto-Ok |
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[1]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||||
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plain | labialized | ||||||
Nasal |
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Plosive | plain |
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prenasalized |
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Fricative |
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Semivowel |
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Rhotic |
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Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1]
sg | pl | |
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1excl |
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1incl |
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2m |
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2f |
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3m |
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3f |
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The third-person pronouns are an innovation shared with the neighboring branch of Trans–New Guinea, Anim. The Awyu–Ok second-person pronouns show the same vowel ablaut for gender as well.
Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Digul River-Ok, Proto-Digul River, and Proto-Ok by Usher (2020) are:[1]
gloss | Proto-Digul River-Ok | Proto-Digul River | Proto-Ok | |
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eye |
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mouth/tooth |
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tongue |
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blood/men's house |
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bone |
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skin/bark |
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breast |
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dog |
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egg |
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sun/day |
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moon |
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water |
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