March 16 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 934  - Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes the Later Shu as a new state independent of the Later Tang.
• 1190  - Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.^[1]
• 1244  - Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur.^[2]
• 1355  - Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, a claimed descendant of Emperor Huizong of Song, is proclaimed emperor of the restored Song dynasty in Bozhou.^[3]

1601–1900

• 1621  - Samoset, a Abenaki, visits the settlers of Plymouth Colony and greets them, "Welcome, Englishmen! My name is Samoset."
• 1660  - The Long Parliament of England is dissolved so as to prepare for the new Convention Parliament.^[4]
• 1696  - The Dutch bombard Givet during the Nine Years' War.^[5]
• 1792  - King Gustav III of Sweden is shot; he dies on March 29.^[6]
• 1802  - The Army Corps of Engineers is established to found and operate the United States Military Academy at West Point.
• 1815  - Prince Willem proclaims himself King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the first constitutional monarch in the Netherlands.
• 1872  - The Wanderers F.C. win the first FA Cup, the oldest football competition in the world, beating Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1–0 at The Oval in Kennington, London.
• 1898  - In Melbourne, the representatives of five colonies adopt a constitution, which would become the basis of the Commonwealth of Australia.^[7]

1901–present

• 1916  - The 7th and 10th US cavalry regiments under John J. Pershing cross the US–Mexico border to join the hunt for Pancho Villa.
• 1918  - Finnish Civil War: Battle of Länkipohja is infamous for its bloody aftermath as the Whites execute 70–100 capitulated Reds.
• 1924  - In accordance with the Treaty of Rome, Fiume becomes annexed as part of Italy.
• 1925  - An earthquake (measuring around 7.0 magnitude) occurs in Dali, China, killing an estimated 5,000 people.^[8]
• 1926  - History of Rocketry: Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket, at Auburn, Massachusetts.^[9]
• 1935  - Adolf Hitler orders Germany to rearm herself in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Conscription is reintroduced to form the Wehrmacht.
• 1936  - Warmer-than-normal temperatures rapidly melt snow and ice on the upper Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, leading to a major flood in Pittsburgh.
• 1939  - From Prague Castle, Hitler proclaims Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate.
• 1941  - Operation Appearance takes place to re-establish British Somaliland^[10]
• 1945  - World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ends, but small pockets of Japanese resistance persist.
• 1945  - Ninety percent of Würzburg, Germany is destroyed in only 20 minutes by British bombers, resulting in at least 4,000 deaths.^[11]
• 1962  - Flying Tiger Line Flight 739 disappears in the western Pacific Ocean with all 107 aboard missing and presumed dead.^{[12] [13]}
• 1966  - Launch of Gemini 8 with astronauts Neil Armstrong and David Scott. It would perform the first docking of two spacecraft in orbit.^[14]
• 1968  - Vietnam War: My Lai massacre occurs; between 347 and 500 Vietnamese villagers are killed by American troops.^[15]
• 1969  - A Viasa McDonnell Douglas DC-9 crashes in Maracaibo, Venezuela, killing 155.^{[16] [17]}
• 1977  - Assassination of Kamal Jumblatt, the main leader of the anti-government forces in the Lebanese Civil War.
• 1978  - Former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro is kidnapped; he is later murdered by his captors.^[18]
• 1978  - A Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 crashes near Gabare, Bulgaria, killing 73.^[19]
• 1978  - Supertanker Amoco Cadiz splits in two after running aground on the Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany, resulting in the largest oil spill in history at that time.^[20]
• 1979  - Sino-Vietnamese War: The People's Liberation Army crosses the border back into China, ending the war.^[21]
• 1984  - William Buckley, the CIA station chief in Lebanon, is kidnapped by Hezbollah; he later dies in captivity.^[22]
• 1985  - Associated Press newsman Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut; he is not released until December 1991.^[23]
• 1988  - Iran–Contra affair: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and Vice Admiral John Poindexter are indicted on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States.^[24]
• 1988  - Halabja chemical attack: The Kurdish town of Halabja in Iraq is attacked with a mix of poison gas and nerve agents on the orders of Saddam Hussein, killing 5,000 people and injuring about 10,000 people.^[25]
• 1988  - The Troubles: Ulster loyalist militant Michael Stone attacks a Provisional IRA funeral in Belfast with pistols and grenades. Three persons, one of them a member of PIRA are killed, and more than 60 others are wounded.
• 1995  - Mississippi formally ratifies the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery.^[26] The Thirteenth Amendment was officially ratified in 1865.
• 2001  - A series of bomb blasts in the city of Shijiazhuang, China kill 108 people and injure 38 others,^[27] the biggest mass murder in China in decades.^[28]
• 2003  - American activist Rachel Corrie is killed in Rafah by being run over by an Israel Defense Forces bulldozer while trying to obstruct the demolition of a home.^[29]
• 2005  - Israel officially hands over Jericho to Palestinian control.^[30]
• 2010  - The Kasubi Tombs, Uganda's only cultural World Heritage Site, are destroyed in a fire.^[31]
• 2012  - Former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar becomes the first batter in history to score 100 centuries in international cricket.^[32]
• 2014  - Crimea votes in a controversial referendum to secede from Ukraine to join Russia.^[33]
• 2016  - A bomb detonates in a bus carrying government employees in Peshawar, Pakistan, killing 15 and injuring at least 30.^[34]
• 2016  - Two suicide bombers detonate their explosives at a mosque during morning prayer on the outskirts of Maiduguri, Nigeria, killing 24 and injuring 18.^[35]
• 2020  - The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 2,997.10, the single largest point drop in history and the second-largest percentage drop ever at 12.93%, an even greater crash than Black Monday (1929). This follows the U.S. Federal Reserve announcing that it will cut its target interest rate to 0–0.25%.^[36]
• 2021  - Atlanta spa shootings: Eight people are killed and one is injured in a trio of shootings at spas in and near Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. A suspect is arrested the same day.^[37]
• 2022  - A 7.4-magnitude earthquake occurs off the coast of Fukushima, Japan, killing 4 people and injuring 225.^[38]
• 2022  - Mariupol theatre airstrike during the siege of Mariupol.^[39]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1399  - The Xuande Emperor, ruler of Ming China (d. 1435)
• 1445  - Johann Geiler von Kaysersberg, Swiss priest and theologian (d. 1510)
• 1465  - Kunigunde of Austria, Duchess of Bavaria (d. 1520)^[40]
• 1473  - Henry IV, Duke of Saxony (d. 1541)
• 1559  - Amar Singh I, successor of Maharana Pratap of Mewar (d. 1620)
• 1581  - Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Dutch historian and poet (d. 1647)^[41]
• 1585  - Gerbrand Bredero, Dutch poet and playwright (d. 1618)^[42]
• 1590  - Ii Naotaka, Japanese daimyō (d. 1659)
• 1596  - Ebba Brahe, Swedish countess (d. 1674)^[43]

1601–1900

• 1609  - Michael Franck, German poet and composer of hymns (d. 1667)^[44]
• 1609  - Agostino Mitelli, Italian painter (d. 1660)^[45]
• 1621  - Georg Neumark, German poet and composer of hymns (d. 1681)^[46]
• 1631  - René Le Bossu, French literary critic (d. 1680)^[47]
• 1638  - François Crépieul, Jesuit missionary (d. 1702)^[48]
• 1654  - Andreas Acoluthus, German scholar (d. 1704)^[49]
• 1670  - François de Franquetot de Coigny, French general (d. 1759)^[50]
• 1673  - Jean Bouhier, French jurist and scholar (d. 1746)^[51]
• 1687  - Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, queen consort of Frederick William I (d. 1757)
• 1693  - Malhar Rao Holkar, Indian nobleman (d. 1766)
• 1701  - Daniel Lorenz Salthenius, Swedish theologian (d. 1750)^[52]
• 1729  - Maria Louise Albertine (d. 1818)^[53]
• 1741  - Carlo Amoretti, Italian scientist (d. 1816)
• 1744  - Nicolas-Germain Léonard, Guadeloupean poet and novelist (d. 1793)^{[54] [55]}
• 1750  - Caroline Herschel, German-English astronomer (d. 1848)^[56]
• 1751  - James Madison, American academic and politician, 4th President of the United States (d. 1836)
• 1753  - François Amédée Doppet, French general (d. 1799)^[57]
• 1760  - Johann Heinrich Meyer, Swiss painter and writer (d. 1832)^[58]
• 1766  - Jean-Frédéric Waldeck, French antiquarian, cartographer, artist and explorer (d. 1875)^[59]
• 1771  - Antoine-Jean Gros, French painter (d. 1835)^[60]
• 1773  - Juan Ramón Balcarce, Argentinian general and politician, 6th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (d. 1836)
• 1774  - Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (d. 1814)^[61]
• 1789  - Francis Rawdon Chesney, English general and explorer (d. 1872)^[62]
• 1789  - Georg Ohm, German physicist and mathematician (d. 1854)^[63]
• 1794  - Ami Boué, Austrian geologist and ethnographer (d. 1881)^{[64] [65]}
• 1797  - Alaric Alexander Watts, English poet and journalist (d. 1864)^[66]
• 1799  - Anna Atkins, English botanist and photographer (d. 1871)^[67]
• 1800  - Emperor Ninkō of Japan (d. 1846)
• 1805  - Ernst von Lasaulx, German philologist and politician (d. 1861)
• 1806  - Félix De Vigne, Belgian painter (d. 1862)^[68]
• 1808  - Hannah T. King, British-born American writer and pioneer (d. 1886)^[69]
• 1813  - Gaëtan de Rochebouët, French prime minister (d. 1899)^[70]
• 1819  - José Paranhos, Brazilian politician (d. 1880)
• 1820  - Enrico Tamberlik, Italian tenor (d. 1889)^[71]
• 1821  - Eduard Heine, German mathematician and academic (d. 1881)
• 1822  - Rosa Bonheur, French painter and sculptor (d. 1899)^[72]
• 1822  - John Pope, American general (d. 1892)^[73]
• 1823  - William Henry Monk, English organist and composer (d. 1889)^[74]
• 1825  - Camilo Castelo Branco, Portuguese writer (d. 1890)
• 1828  - Émile Deshayes de Marcère, French politician (d. 1918)^[75]
• 1834  - James Hector, Scottish geologist and surgeon (d. 1907)^[76]
• 1836  - Andrew Smith Hallidie, English-American engineer and inventor (d. 1900)^[77]
• 1839  - Sully Prudhomme, French poet and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)^[78]
• 1839  - John Butler Yeats, Irish painter (d. 1922)^[79]
• 1840  - Shibusawa Eiichi, Japanese industrialist (d. 1931)^[80]
• 1840  - Georg von der Gabelentz, German linguist and sinologist (d. 1893)^[81]
• 1845  - Umegatani Tōtarō I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 15th Yokozuna (d. 1928)
• 1846  - Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Swedish mathematician and academic (d. 1927)^[82]
• 1846  - Rebecca Cole, American physician and social reformer (d. 1922)^[83]
• 1846  - Jurgis Bielinis, Lithuanian book smuggler (d. 1918)^[84]
• 1848  - Axel Heiberg, Norwegian financier and diplomat (d. 1932)^[85]
• 1851  - Otto Bardenhewer, German theologian (d. 1935)^[86]
• 1851  - Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist (d. 1931)^[87]
• 1856  - Napoléon, Prince Imperial of France (d. 1879)^[88]
• 1857  - Charles Harding Firth, English historian (d. 1936)^{[89] [90]}
• 1859  - Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist and inventor (d. 1906)^{[91] [92]}
• 1865  - Patsy Donovan, Irish-American baseball player and manager (d. 1953)^[93]
• 1869  - Willy Burmester, German violinist (d. 1933)^[94]
• 1871  - Hans Merensky, South African geologist and philanthropist (d. 1951)
• 1871  - Frantz Reichel, French rugby player and hurdler (d. 1932)^[95]
• 1874  - Frédéric François-Marsal, French prime minister (d. 1958)
• 1877  - Léo-Ernest Ouimet, Canadian director and producer (d. 1972)^[96]
• 1878  - Clemens August Graf von Galen, German cardinal (d. 1946)^[97]
• 1878  - Paul Jouve, French painter (d. 1973)^[98]
• 1881  - Fannie Charles Dillon, American composer (d. 1947)^[99]
• 1882  - James Lightbody, American runner (d. 1953)^[100]
• 1883  - Ethel Anderson, Australian poet, author, and painter (d. 1958)^[101]
• 1884  - Eric P. Kelly, American journalist and author (d. 1960)^[102]
• 1885  - Giacomo Benvenuti, Italian composer and musicologist (d. 1943)^[103]
• 1885  - Sydney Chaplin, English actor (d. 1965)
• 1886  - Herbert Lindström, Swedish tug of war player (d. 1951)^[104]
• 1887  - Emilio Lunghi, Italian runner (d. 1925)
• 1887  - S. Stillman Berry, American marine zoologist (1984)^[105]
• 1889  - Reggie Walker, South African athlete (d. 1951)^[106]
• 1892  - César Vallejo, Peruvian poet (d. 1938)^[107]
• 1895  - Ernest Labrousse, French historian (d. 1988)^[108]
• 1897  - Antonio Donghi, Italian painter (d. 1963)
• 1897  - Conrad Nagel, American actor (d. 1970)^[109]
• 1900  - Cyril Hume, American novelist and screenwriter (d. 1966)^{[110] [111]}
• 1900  - Mencha Karnicheva, Macedonian revolutionary and assassin (d. 1964)^[112]

1901–present

• 1901  - Alexis Chantraine, Belgian footballer (d. 1987)
• 1903  - Mike Mansfield, American politician and diplomat, 22nd United States Ambassador to Japan (d. 2001)
• 1904  - Buddy Myer, American baseball player (d. 1974)^[113]
• 1906  - Francisco Ayala, Spanish sociologist, author, and translator (d. 2009)^[114]
• 1906  - Maurice Turnbull, Welsh-English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1944)^[115]
• 1906  - Lloyd Waner, American baseball player (d. 1982)^[116]
• 1906  - Henny Youngman, English-American violinist and comedian (d. 1998)
• 1908  - René Daumal, French author and poet (d. 1944)^[117]
• 1908  - Ernest Rogez, French water polo player (d. 1986)
• 1908  - Robert Rossen, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1966)^[118]
• 1909  - Don Raye, American songwriter (d. 1985)^[119]
• 1910  - Aladár Gerevich, Hungarian fencer (d. 1991)
• 1910  - Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi, Indian-English cricketer and politician, 8th Nawab of Pataudi (d. 1952)
• 1911  - Pierre Harmel, Belgian lawyer and diplomat, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2009)^[120]
• 1911  - Josef Mengele, German physician, captain and mass-murderer (d. 1979)^[121]
• 1911  - Philip Pavia, American painter and sculptor (d. 2005)
• 1912  - Pat Nixon, American teacher, First Lady of the United States (d. 1993)^[122]
• 1913  - Rémy Raffalli, French soldier (d. 1952)
• 1915  - Kunihiko Kodaira, Japanese mathematician (d. 1997)^[123]
• 1916  - Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (d. 2004)^[124]
• 1916  - Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Japanese engineer and businessman (d. 2010)
• 1917  - Mehrdad Pahlbod, Iranian politician (d. 2018)
• 1917  - Laure Pillay, Mauritian lawyer and jurist (d. 2017)^[125]
• 1917  - Louis C. Wyman, American lawyer and politician (d. 2002)
• 1918  - Frederick Reines, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)^[126]
• 1918  - Aldo van Eyck, Dutch architect (d. 1999)
• 1920  - John Addison, English-American soldier and composer (d. 1998)
• 1920  - Sid Fleischman, American author and screenwriter (d. 2010)^[127]
• 1920  - Traudl Junge, German secretary (d. 2002)
• 1920  - Leo McKern, Australian-English actor (d. 2002)
• 1922  - Harding Lemay, American screenwriter and playwright (d. 2018)^[128]
• 1923  - Heinz Wallberg, German conductor (d. 2004)^[129]
• 1925  - Cornell Borchers, Lithuanian-German actress and singer (d. 2014)^{[130] [131]}
• 1925  - Mary Hinkson, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2014)^[132]
• 1925  - Ervin Kassai, Hungarian basketball player and referee (d. 2012)
• 1925  - Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist and engineer (d. 2004)
• 1926  - Charles Goodell, American lawyer and politician (d. 1987)
• 1926  - Jerry Lewis, American actor and comedian (d. 2017)^[133]
• 1927  - Vladimir Komarov, Russian pilot, engineer, and cosmonaut (d. 1967)^[134]
• 1927  - Daniel Patrick Moynihan, American sociologist and politician, 12th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2003)^[121]
• 1927  - Olga San Juan, American actress and dancer (d. 2009)
• 1928  - Wakanohana Kanji I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 45th Yokozuna (d. 2010)
• 1928  - Christa Ludwig, German opera singer (d. 2021)^[135]
• 1929  - Betty Johnson, American singer (d. 2022)
• 1929  - Tihomir Novakov, Serbian-American physicist and academic (d. 2015)^[136]
• 1929  - Nadja Tiller, Austrian actress (d. 2023)^[137]
• 1930  - Tommy Flanagan, American pianist and composer (d. 2001)^{[138] [139]}
• 1930  - Minoru Miki, Japanese composer (d. 2011)^{[140] [141]}
• 1931  - Augusto Boal, Brazilian theatre director, writer and politician (d. 2009)
• 1931  - Alan Heyman, American-South Korean musicologist and composer (d. 2014)
• 1931  - Anthony Kenny, English philosopher and academic
• 1931  - John Munro, Canadian lawyer and politician, 22nd Canadian Minister of Labour (d. 2003)
• 1932  - Don Blasingame, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005)^{[142] [143]}
• 1932  - Walter Cunningham, American astronaut (d. 2023)^[144]
• 1932  - Kurt Diemberger, Austrian mountaineer and author^[145]
• 1932  - Herbert Marx, Canadian politician (d. 2020)^[146]
• 1933  - Keith Critchlow, English architect and academic, co-founded Temenos Academy (d. 2020)
• 1933  - Sanford I. Weill, American banker, financier, and philanthropist
• 1934  - Jean Cournoyer, Canadian politician^[147]
• 1934  - Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian lawyer and politician, 24th Governor General of Canada (d. 2002)
• 1934  - Roger Norrington, English violinist and conductor
• 1934  - Howard Schnellenberger, American football player and coach (d. 2021)^[148]
• 1935  - Teresa Berganza, Spanish soprano and actress (d. 2022)
• 1935  - Pepe Cáceres, Colombian bullfighter (d. 1987)^[149]
• 1936  - Raymond Vahan Damadian, Armenian-American inventor, invented the MRI (d. 2022)
• 1936  - Fred Neil, American folk singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2001)
• 1937  - David Frith, English historian, journalist, and author
• 1937  - Attilio Nicora, Italian cardinal (d. 2017)
• 1937  - Amos Tversky, Israeli-American psychologist and academic (d. 1996)
• 1938  - Carlos Bilardo, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1939  - Yvon Côté, Canadian politician and teacher^[150]
• 1940  - Vagif Mustafazadeh, Azerbaijani pianist and composer (d. 1979)
• 1940  - Jan Pronk, Dutch academic and politician, Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment
• 1940  - Keith Rowe, English guitarist
• 1941  - Bernardo Bertolucci, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2018)^[151]
• 1941  - Robert Guéï, Ivorian soldier and politician, 3rd President of Côte d'Ivoire (d. 2002)
• 1941  - Chuck Woolery, American game show host and television personality
• 1942  - Roger Crozier, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 1996)^[152]
• 1942  - Jean-Pierre Schosteck, French politician
• 1942  - James Soong, Chinese-Taiwanese politician, Governor of Taiwan Province
• 1942  - Gijs van Lennep, Dutch race car driver
• 1942  - Jerry Jeff Walker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2020)^[121]
• 1943  - Álvaro de Soto, Peruvian diplomat
• 1943  - Ursula Goodenough, American biologist, zoologist, and author
• 1943  - Hans Heyer, German race car driver
• 1943  - Harry van Hoof, Dutch conductor, composer, and music arranger (d. 2024)^[153]
• 1944  - Andrew S. Tanenbaum, American computer scientist and academic
• 1946  - Sigmund Groven, Norwegian harmonica player and composer
• 1946  - Mary Kaldor, English economist and academic
• 1946  - J. Z. Knight, American New Age teacher and author
• 1946  - Guesch Patti, French singer
• 1948  - Michael Owen Bruce, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1948  - Richard Desjardins, Canadian singer-songwriter and director
• 1948  - Catherine Quéré, French politician
• 1949  - Erik Estrada, American actor^[154]
• 1949  - Victor Garber, Canadian actor and singer^[154]
• 1949  - Elliott Murphy, American-French singer-songwriter and journalist
• 1950  - Peter Forster, English bishop
• 1950  - Kate Nelligan, Canadian actress^[121]
• 1950  - Edhem Šljivo, Bosnian footballer
• 1951  - Ray Benson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer^[154]
• 1951  - Abdelmajid Bourebbou, Algerian footballer
• 1951  - Oddvar Brå, Norwegian skier
• 1951  - Joe DeLamielleure, American football player
• 1951  - Alexandre Gonzalez, French long-distance runner
• 1953  - Claus Peter Flor, German conductor
• 1953  - Isabelle Huppert, French actress^[121]
• 1953  - Rainer Knaak, German chess player
• 1953  - Richard Stallman, American computer scientist and programmer
• 1954  - David Heath, English politician
• 1954  - Colin Ireland, English serial killer (d. 2012)^[155]
• 1954  - Jimmy Nail, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1954  - Tim O'Brien, American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[154]
• 1954  - Dav Whatmore, Sri Lankan-Australian cricketer and coach
• 1954  - Nancy Wilson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actress^[154]
• 1955  - Svetlana Alexeeva, Russian ice dancer and coach
• 1955  - Rimantas Astrauskas, Lithuanian physicist
• 1955  - Bruno Barreto, Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1955  - Linda Lepomme, Belgian actress and singer
• 1955  - Bob Ley, American sports anchor and reporter
• 1955  - Andy Scott, Canadian politician (d. 2013)
• 1955  - Jiro Watanabe, Japanese boxer
• 1956  - Ozzie Newsome, American football player and executive^[121]
• 1956  - Clifton Powell, American actor, director, and producer^[154]
• 1956  - Yoriko Shono, Japanese writer
• 1956  - Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, Swiss lawyer and politician
• 1958  - Jorge Ramos, Mexican-American journalist and author^[156]
• 1958  - Phillip Wilcher, Australian pianist and composer
• 1958  - Kate Worley, American author (d. 2004)^[157]
• 1959  - Michael J. Bloomfield, American astronaut
• 1959  - Sebastian Currier, American composer and educator
• 1959  - Greg Dyer, Australian cricketer
• 1959  - Flavor Flav, American rapper and actor^[154]
• 1959  - Charles Hudson, American baseball player
• 1959  - Steve Marker, American musician
• 1959  - Jens Stoltenberg, Norwegian economist and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Norway, 13th Secretary General of NATO^[121]
• 1960  - Jenny Eclair, English comedian, actress and screenwriter
• 1960  - John Hemming, English businessman and politician^[158]
• 1960  - Duane Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1961  - Todd McFarlane, Canadian author, illustrator, and businessman, founded McFarlane Toys
• 1962  - Franck Fréon, French race car driver
• 1962  - Liliane Gaschet, French athlete
• 1963  - Jerome Flynn, English actor and singer^[154]
• 1963  - Kevin Smith, New Zealand actor and singer (d. 2002)
• 1964  - Patty Griffin, American singer-songwriter^[154]
• 1964  - Jaclyn Jose, Filipino actress (d. 2024)
• 1964  - Pascal Richard, Swiss racing cyclist
• 1964  - Gore Verbinski, American director, producer, and screenwriter^[121]
• 1965  - Steve Armstrong, American wrestler
• 1965  - Sergei Bazarevich, Russian basketball player and coach^[159]
• 1965  - Cindy Brown, American basketball player
• 1965  - Mark Carney, Canadian-English economist and banker
• 1965  - Cristiana Reali, Italian-Brazilian actress
• 1966  - H.P. Baxxter, German musician^[160]
• 1966  - Chrissy Redden, Canadian cross-country cyclist^[161]
• 1967  - Tracy Bonham, American singer and violinist^[154]
• 1967  - John Darnielle, American musician and novelist
• 1967  - Lauren Graham, American actress and producer^[154]
• 1967  - Ronnie McCoury, American bluegrass mandolin player, singer and songwriter
• 1967  - Heidi Zurbriggen, Swiss alpine skier
• 1969  - Judah Friedlander, American comedian and actor^[154]
• 1969  - Ottis Gibson, Barbadian cricketer and coach
• 1969  - Alina Ivanova, Russian athlete
• 1969  - Evangelos Koronios, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1970  - Joakim Berg, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971  - Greg Johnson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2019)^[162]
• 1971  - Alan Tudyk, American actor^[154]
• 1972  - Ismaïl Sghyr, French-Moroccan long-distance runner
• 1973  - Tim Kang, American actor^[154]
• 1973  - Andrey Mizurov, Kazakhstani road bicycle racer
• 1973  - Vonda Ward, American boxer
• 1974  - Georgios Anatolakis, Greek footballer and politician
• 1974  - Anne Charrier, French actress
• 1974  - Heath Streak, Zimbabwean cricketer (d. 2023)
• 1975  - Luciano Castro, Argentine actor
• 1975  - Sienna Guillory, English model and actress
• 1975  - Lionel Torres, French archer
• 1976  - Blu Cantrell, American singer-songwriter and producer^[154]
• 1976  - Zhu Chen, Qatari chess Grandmaster
• 1976  - Kim Johnsson, Swedish ice hockey player^[163]
• 1976  - Leila Lejeune, French handballer
• 1976  - Susanne Ljungskog, Swedish cyclist
• 1976  - Abraham Núñez, Dominican baseball player
• 1977  - Mónica Cruz, Spanish actress and dancer
• 1977  - Thomas Rupprath, German swimmer
• 1978  - Brooke Burns, American fashion model, television personality, and actress^[154]
• 1978  - Annett Renneberg, German actress and singer
• 1979  - Tyler Arnason, American ice hockey player^[164]
• 1979  - Hee-seop Choi, South Korean baseball player^[165]
• 1979  - Christina Liebherr, Swiss equestrian
• 1979  - Rashad Moore, American football player
• 1979  - Sébastien Ostertag, French handball player
• 1979  - Leena Peisa, Finnish keyboard player and songwriter
• 1979  - Andrei Stepanov, Estonian footballer
• 1980  - Todd Heap, American football player
• 1980  - Felipe Reyes, Spanish basketball player
• 1981  - Andrew Bree, Irish swimmer
• 1981  - Danny Brown, American rapper^[166]
• 1981  - Curtis Granderson, American baseball player
• 1981  - Julien Mazet, French road bicycle racer
• 1981  - Fabiana Murer, Brazilian pole vaulter
• 1982  - Miguel Comminges, Guadeloupean footballer
• 1982  - Riley Cote, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1982  - Jesús Del Nero, Spanish road bicycle racer
• 1982  - Brian Wilson, American baseball player
• 1983  - Brett Davern, American actor^[154]
• 1983  - Stephen Drew, American baseball player
• 1983  - Brandon League, American baseball player
• 1983  - Nicolas Rousseau, French road bicycle racer
• 1983  - Tramon Williams, American football player
• 1984  - Aisling Bea, Irish comedienne and actress
• 1984  - Levi Brown, American football player
• 1984  - Sharon Cherop, Kenyan long-distance runner
• 1984  - Hosea Gear, New Zealand rugby player
• 1984  - Brandon Prust, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985  - Teddy Atine-Venel, French athlete
• 1985  - Eddy Lover, Panamanian singer-songwriter
• 1985  - Aleksei Sokirskiy, Russian hammer thrower
• 1986  - Alexandra Daddario, American actress^[154]
• 1986  - Toney Douglas, American basketball player
• 1986  - Kenny Dykstra, American wrestler
• 1986  - T. J. Jordan, American basketball player
• 1986  - Boaz Solossa, Indonesian footballer
• 1986  - Daisuke Takahashi, Japanese figure skater
• 1987  - Fabien Lemoine, French football player
• 1988  - Jhené Aiko, American singer-songwriter and rapper^[167]
• 1988  - Jessica Gregg, Canadian speed skater^[168]
• 1988  - Patrick Herrmann, German footballer
• 1988  - Agustín Marchesín, Argentinian footballer^[169]
• 1988  - Jiří Tlustý, Czech ice hockey player^[170]
• 1989  - Blake Griffin, American basketball player
• 1989  - Jung So-min, South Korean actress
• 1989  - Magalie Pottier, French racing cyclist
• 1989  - Theo Walcott, English footballer
• 1990  - Andre Young, American basketball player
• 1991  - Chris Boswell, American football player^[171]
• 1991  - Reggie Bullock, American basketball player
• 1991  - Admir Mehmedi, Swiss footballer^[172]
• 1991  - Wolfgang Van Halen, American bassist^[154]
• 1992  - Tim Hardaway Jr., American basketball player^[173]
• 1993  - George Ford, English rugby union player
• 1993  - Marine Lorphelin, French model and beauty queen, Miss France 2013
• 1994  - Camilo, Colombian singer^[174]
• 1994  - Joel Embiid, Cameroonian basketball player
• 1994  - Sierra McClain, American actress^[175]
• 1995  - Inga Janulevičiūtė, Lithuanian figure skater
• 1996  - Ajiona Alexus, American actress and singer^[121]
• 1996  - Ivan Toney, English footballer^[176]
• 1997  - Dominic Calvert-Lewin, English footballer^[177]
• 1997  - Florian Neuhaus, German footballer^[178]
• 1997  - Tyrel Jackson Williams, American actor^[179]
• 1999  - Vladimir Guerrero Jr., Canadian baseball player^[180]
• 2000  - Jalen Smith, American basketball player^[181]
• 2001  - Kyle Hamilton, American football player^[182]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• AD 37  - Tiberius, Roman emperor (b. 42 BC)^[183]
• 455  - Valentinian III, Roman emperor (assassinated;^[184] b. 419)
• 455  - Heraclius, Roman courtier (primicerius sacri cubiculi )
• 842  - Xiao Mian, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
• 933  - Takin al-Khazari, Egyptian commander and politician, Abbasid Governor of Egypt
• 943  - Pi Guangye, Chinese official and chancellor (b. 877)
• 1021  - Heribert of Cologne, German archbishop and saint (b. 970)^[185]
• 1072  - Adalbert of Hamburg, German archbishop (b. 1000)
• 1181  - Henry I, Count of Champagne
• 1185  - Baldwin IV of Jerusalem (b. 1161)
• 1279  - Jeanne of Dammartin, Queen consort of Castile and León (b. 1216)
• 1405  - Margaret III, Countess of Flanders (b. 1350)
• 1410  - John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, French-English admiral and politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1373)^[186]
• 1457  - Ladislaus Hunyadi, Hungarian politician (b. 1433)
• 1485  - Anne Neville, queen of Richard III of England (b. 1456)^[187]
• 1559  - Anthony St. Leger, English-Irish politician Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1496)

1601–1900

• 1649  - Jean de Brébeuf, French-Canadian missionary and saint (b. 1593)^[188]
• 1679  - John Leverett, English general and politician, 19th Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1616)
• 1698  - Leonora Christina Ulfeldt, Danish countess, author of Jammers Minde (b. 1621)^[189]
• 1721  - James Craggs the Elder, English politician, Postmaster General of the United Kingdom (b. 1657)
• 1736  - Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer (b. 1710)^[190]
• 1737  - Benjamin Wadsworth, American minister and academic (b. 1670)
• 1738  - George Bähr, German architect, designed the Dresden Frauenkirche (b. 1666)
• 1747  - Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (b. 1690)
• 1804  - Henrik Gabriel Porthan, Finnish professor and historian (b. 1739)^[191]
• 1838  - Nathaniel Bowditch, American ocean navigator and mathematician (b. 1773)^[192]
• 1841  - Félix Savart, French physicist and psychologist (b. 1791)^[193]
• 1868  - David Wilmot, American politician, sponsor of Wilmot Proviso (b. 1814)
• 1884  - Art Croft, American baseball player (b. 1855)^[194]
• 1888  - Hippolyte Carnot, French politician (b. 1801)
• 1892  - Samuel F. Miller, American politician (b. 1827)
• 1898  - Aubrey Beardsley, English author and illustrator (b. 1872)^[195]
• 1899  - Joseph Medill, American journalist and politician, 26th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1823)

1901–present

• 1903  - Roy Bean, American justice of the peace (b. 1825)^[196]
• 1907  - John O'Leary, Irish republican and journalist (b. 1830)^[197]
• 1912  - Max Burckhard, Austrian theater director (b. 1854)
• 1914  - Gaston Calmette, French journalist (b. 1858)
• 1914  - Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss lawyer and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1843)
• 1914  - John Murray, Scottish oceanographer, biologist, and limnologist (b. 1841)
• 1925  - August von Wassermann, German bacteriologist and hygienist (b. 1866)^[198]
• 1930  - Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spanish general and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1870)
• 1935  - John Macleod, Scottish physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
• 1935  - Aron Nimzowitsch, Latvian-Danish chess player (b. 1886)
• 1936  - Marguerite Durand, French actress, journalist, and activist (b. 1864)
• 1937  - Austen Chamberlain, English politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1863)
• 1937  - Alexander von Staël-Holstein, Estonian orientalist and sinologist (b. 1877)
• 1940  - Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish author and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858)^[199]
• 1945  - Börries von Münchhausen, German poet (b. 1874)
• 1955  - Nicolas de Staël, French-Russian painter and illustrator (b. 1914)
• 1957  - Constantin Brâncuși, Romanian-French sculptor, painter, and photographer (b. 1876)
• 1958  - Leon Cadore, American baseball player (b. 1891)
• 1961  - Chen Geng, Chinese general and politician (b. 1903)
• 1961  - Václav Talich, Czech violinist and conductor (b. 1883)
• 1963  - Laura Adams Armer, American author and photographer (b. 1874)
• 1965  - Alice Herz, German activist (b. 1882)
• 1967  - Thomas MacGreevy, Irish poet (b. 1893)
• 1968  - Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian-American pianist and composer (b. 1895)
• 1968  - Gunnar Ekelöf, Swedish poet and translator (b. 1907)
• 1970  - Tammi Terrell, American singer (b. 1945)
• 1971  - Bebe Daniels, American actress (b. 1901)
• 1971  - Thomas E. Dewey, American lawyer and politician, 47th Governor of New York (b. 1902)
• 1972  - Pie Traynor, American baseball player (b. 1898)
• 1975  - T-Bone Walker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1910)
• 1977  - Kamal Jumblatt, Lebanese lawyer and politician (b. 1917)
• 1979  - Jean Monnet, French economist and politician (b. 1888)
• 1980  - Tamara de Lempicka, Polish-American painter (b. 1898)
• 1983  - Arthur Godfrey, American actor and television host (b. 1903)
• 1983  - Fred Rose, Polish-Canadian politician (b. 1907)
• 1985  - Roger Sessions, American composer, critic, and educator (b. 1896)
• 1985  - Eddie Shore, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1902)
• 1988  - Jigger Statz, American baseball player (b. 1897)^[200]
• 1988  - Mickey Thompson, American race car driver (b. 1928)
• 1990  - Ernst Bacon, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1898)
• 1991  - Chris Austin, American country singer (b. 1964)
• 1991  - Jean Bellette, Australian artist (b. 1908)
• 1992  - Yves Rocard, French physicist and engineer (b. 1903)
• 1994  - Eric Show, American baseball player (b. 1956)
• 1998  - Derek Barton, English-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
• 1998  - Esther Bubley, American photographer (b. 1921)
• 1999  - Gratien Gélinas, Canadian actor, director, and playwright (b. 1909)
• 2000  - Thomas Ferebee, American colonel and pilot (b. 1918)
• 2000  - Pavel Prudnikau, Belarusian poet and author (b. 1911)
• 2000  - Michael Starr, Canadian judge and politician, 16th Canadian Minister of Labour (b. 1910)
• 2000  - Carlos Velázquez, Puerto Rican pitcher (b. 1948)
• 2001  - Bob Wollek, French race car driver (b. 1943)
• 2003  - Rachel Corrie, American activist (b. 1979)
• 2003  - Ronald Ferguson, English captain, polo player, and manager (b. 1931)
• 2004  - Vilém Tauský, Czech conductor and composer (b. 1910)
• 2005  - Todd Bell, American football player (b. 1958)
• 2005  - Ralph Erskine, English architect, designed The London Ark (b. 1914)
• 2005  - Dick Radatz, American baseball player (b. 1937)
• 2007  - Manjural Islam Rana, Bangladeshi cricketer (b. 1984)
• 2008  - Bill Brown, Australian cricketer and soldier (b. 1912)
• 2008  - Ivan Dixon, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1931)
• 2008  - Gary Hart, American wrestler and manager (b. 1942)
• 2010  - Ksenija Pajčin, Serbian singer, dancer and model (b. 1977)
• 2011  - Richard Wirthlin, American religious leader (b. 1931)
• 2012  - Donald E. Hillman, American colonel and pilot (b. 1918)
• 2012  - Takaaki Yoshimoto, Japanese poet, philosopher, and critic (b. 1924)
• 2013  - Jamal Nazrul Islam, Bangladeshi physicist and cosmologist (b. 1939)
• 2013  - José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, Argentinian economist and politician, Minister of Economy of Argentina (b. 1925)
• 2013  - Yadier Pedroso, Cuban pitcher (b. 1986)
• 2013  - Ruchoma Shain, American-born teacher and author (b. 1914)
• 2013  - Marina Solodkin, Russian-Israeli academic and politician (b. 1952)
• 2013  - Frank Thornton, English actor (b. 1921)^[201]
• 2014  - Gary Bettenhausen, American race car driver (b. 1941)
• 2014  - Donald Crothers, American chemist and academic (b. 1937)
• 2014  - Yulisa Pat Amadu Maddy, Sierra Leonean author, poet, and playwright (b. 1936)
• 2014  - Steve Moore, English author and illustrator (b. 1949)
• 2014  - Alexander Pochinok, Russian economist and politician (b. 1958)
• 2015  - Jack Haley, American basketball player and sportscaster (b. 1964)^[202]
• 2015  - Don Robertson, American pianist and composer (b. 1922)
• 2016  - Alexander Esenin-Volpin, Russian-American mathematician and poet (b. 1924)
• 2016  - Frank Sinatra Jr., American singer and actor (b. 1944)^[203]
• 2017  - Lewis Rowland, American neurologist (b. 1925)^[204]
• 2018  - Louise Slaughter, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York (b. 1929)^[205]
• 2019  - Dick Dale, American surf-rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter (b. 1937)^[206]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Abbán^[207]
  • Finian Lobhar (Finian the Leper)
  • Heribert of Cologne.^[185]
  • Hilarius of Aquileia
  • Julian of Antioch
  • March 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day of the Book Smugglers (Lithuania)^[208]
• Remembrance day of the Latvian legionnaires (Latvia)
• Saint Urho's Day (Finnish Americans and Finnish Canadians)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on March 16

Notes and References

1. Web site: The Massacre of the Jews at Clifford's Tower . English Heritage . 14 January 2020 . 5 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191105181332/https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/cliffords-tower-york/history-and-stories/massacre-of-the-jews/ . live .
2. Book: Fiona Duncan. France. 1 February 2002. APA Publications. 978-1-58573-291-3. 298.
3. Book: Denis Twitchett. The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. 1988. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-24332-2. 42.
4. Book: Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England: From the Norman Conquest, in 1066, to the Year, 1803. Volume 3 . 1808 . R. Bagshaw . London . 1583–1584 . Google Books . 2021-09-07 . 2021-09-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210907000215/https://books.google.com/books?id=BRZDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1583 . live .
5. Book: Childs, John. The Nine Years' War and the British Army . Manchester University Press . 1991. 0-7190-3461-2.
6. Book: Elgán . Elisabeth . Scobbie . Irene . Historical Dictionary of Sweden . 2015 . Rowman & Littlefield . Lanham, Maryland . 978-1-4422-5071-0 . xxiii . 3rd . Chronology.
7. Book: La Nauze, J.A. . The Making of the Australian Constitution . Melbourne University Press . 1972 . Carlton, Vic. . 0-522-84016-7.
8. Chen. X.L.. Zhou Q.. Ran H.. Dong R.. amp. 2012. Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 12. 2. 351–363. 10.5194/nhess-12-351-2012. 2012NHESS..12..351C. free.
9. Book: Kerrod . Robin . Dawn of the space age . 2005 . World Almanac Library . Milwaukee, WI . 978-0-8368-5705-4 . 11 .
10. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/India/RIN/RIN-4.html Operations in the Red Sea
11. Book: Jabado . Salwa . Fodor's 2011 Germany . 2011 . Fodor's Travel . New York . 978-1-4000-0489-8 . 144 . https://books.google.com/books?id=Tdw0l50lYa4C&pg=PA144 . Würzburg . 2021-09-15 . 2021-09-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210915234626/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tdw0l50lYa4C&pg=PA144 . live .
12. News: . Plane, 107 sought . 4 September 2021 . . 95 . March 16, 1962 . 1 . .
13. News: Dowd . Katie . 'He knew something': The Bay Area flight of Rangers that vanished . 4 September 2021 . . 11 May 2021 . 3 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210903141507/https://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/article/flying-tiger-line-flight-739-vietnam-bay-area-16165978.php . live .
14. Book: Wilkinson . John . Probing the new solar system . 2009 . . Collingwood, Vic. . 978-0-643-09949-4 . 17 . https://books.google.com/books?id=phJ-QQu-yc8C&pg=PA17 . Gemini program . 2021-09-04 . 2021-09-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210904151314/https://books.google.com/books?id=phJ-QQu-yc8C&pg=PA17 . live .
15. News: . Murder in the name of war - My Lai . 4 September 2021 . . 20 July 1998 . 17 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180117201719/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/64344.stm . live .
16. News: At least 150 die at least 150 die and 100 are injured as jet falls into a Venezuelan suburb . 18 September 2021 . . 40,595 . 17 March 1969 . 1 . 18 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210918224427/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/03/17/archives/at-least-150-die-and-100-are-injured-as-jet-falls-into-a-venezuelan.html . live .
17. News: Crashed plane said overloaded . 18 September 2021 . Daytona Beach Morning Journal . 166 . 12 July 1969 . 2 . Google News Archive.
18. News: The chronology of the Moro case . 16 September 2021 . . 10 May 1978 . 16 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210916000302/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/05/10/archives/the-chronology-of-the-moro-case.html . live .
19. Web site: ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-134 LZ-TUB Gabare. Ranter. Harro. aviation-safety.net. 2020-01-03. 2020-06-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20200629034700/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19780316-0. live.
20. News: Jonathan . Kandell . Oil spill's long-term effect could be slight . 3 October 2021 . . 31 March 1978 . 15 . 3 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211003173528/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/31/archives/new-jersey-pages-oil-spills-longterm-effect-could-be-slight-110.html . live .
21. Book: Goldstein . Erik . Wars and peace treaties, 1816-1991 . 1992 . Routledge . London . 978-1-134-89912-8 . 120 . 2021-10-03 . 2021-10-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211003193429/https://books.google.com/books?id=KWWKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA120 . live .
22. Book: Smith . W. Thomas Jr. . Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency . 2003 . Facts On File . New York . 978-1-4381-3018-7 . 34–35 . https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jc9wBsImOIC&pg=PA35 . Buckley, William (1928–1985) . 2021-10-03 . 2021-10-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211003213840/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jc9wBsImOIC&pg=PA35 . live .
23. News: Hedges . Chris . Anderson, last U.S. hostage, is freed by captors in Beirut . 15 September 2021 . . 5 December 1991 . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204123943/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/05/world/the-last-us-hostage-anderson-last-us-hostage-is-freed-by-captors-in-beirut.html . live .
24. News: Shenon . Philip . North, Poindexter and 2 others indicted on Iran-contra fraud and theft charges . 3 October 2021 . . 47447 . 17 March 1988 . 1 . 30 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171030064011/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/17/world/north-poindexter-and-2-others-indicted-on-iran-contra-fraud-and-theft-charges.html . live .
25. News: 1988: Thousands die in Halabja gas attack . 17 September 2021 . . 16 March 1988 . 10 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180210230111/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16/newsid_4304000/4304853.stm . live .
26. News: Waldron . Ben . Mississippi officially abolishes slavery, ratifies 13th Amendment . 31 August 2021 . . February 19, 2013 . en . 27 June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130627203637/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/02/mississippi-officially-abolishes-slavery-ratifies-13th-amendment/ . live .
27. News: 4 Sentenced for blasts in China that killed 108 . . April 19, 2001 . 2 August 2010 . Kuhn . Anthony . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20121001083600/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/apr/19/news/mn-52954 . 2012-10-01.
28. News: Gittings . John . Manhunt for mass killer fails to pacify Chinese . 10 September 2021 . . 20 March 2001 . 6 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306033202/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/mar/20/china.johngittings . live .
29. News: . American peace activist killed by army bulldozer in Rafah . 10 September 2021 . . March 17, 2003 . 2 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151202105333/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/american-peace-activist-killed-by-army-bulldozer-in-rafah-1.16010 . live .
30. News: Strucke . James . Israel hands over Jericho . 12 September 2021 . . 16 March 2005 .
31. News: Uganda's Kasubi royal tombs gutted by fire. 17 March 2010. BBC News. 10 January 2024. 7 January 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120107064424/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8571719.stm. live.
32. News: First 100th International Century by Sachin Tendulkar . 21 August 2023 . . 16 March 2012 . 22 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230822045428/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/sachin-tendulkar-scored-his-100th-international-century-on-this-day-in-2012-2391736 . live .
33. News: Crimea referendum: Voters 'back Russia union' . 12 September 2021 . . 16 March 2014 . 17 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180617132157/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26606097 . live .
34. News: Boone . Jon . Peshawar bomb kills at least 16 on bus for Pakistani government officials . 15 September 2021 . . 16 March 2016.
35. News: Alfa . Ismail . Omirin . Joshua . Rescuers: Female suicide bombers kill 24 at Nigerian mosque . 17 September 2021 . . 16 March 2016 . 18 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220518034114/https://apnews.com/article/c280ec9291154549b395f67e6ec50ffb . live .
36. Web site: Federal Reserve issues FOMC statement. Federal Reserve. March 15, 2020. March 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200317021707/https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/monetary20200315a.htm. March 17, 2020. live.
37. News: Lynch . Jamiel . Almasy . Steve . 8 killed in shootings at 3 metro Atlanta spas. Police have 1 suspect in custody . 10 September 2021 . CNN . March 17, 2021 . 19 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210319053943/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/16/us/metro-atlanta-shootings/index.html . live .
38. Web site: At least four killed after 7.4-magnitude quake shakes east Japan . Al Jazeera . 16 March 2022 . 16 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220316162931/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/16/7-3-magnitude-quake-shakes-east-japan-triggers-tsunami-advisory . live .
39. News: Hinnant . Lori . Chernov . Mstyslav . Stepanenko . Vasilisa . AP evidence points to 600 dead in Mariupol theater airstrike . 2022-06-16. . 4 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220504121004/https://apnews.com/article/Russia-ukraine-war-mariupol-theater-c321a196fbd568899841b506afcac7a1 . live . 4 May 2022 . en . dmy-all.
40. Book: von Wurzbach, Constantin . Constantin von Wurzbach . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 1860 . Vienna . 404–406 . 6 . 12 October 2021 . de . Habsburg, Kunigunde von Oesterreich . Wikisource . 22 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220222164547/https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/BLK%C3%96%3AHabsburg%2C_Kunigunde_von_Oesterreich . live .
41. Book: Warner . Charles Dudley . Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern, Volume 13 . 1902 . J.A. Hill & Company . New York . 7610 . https://books.google.com/books?id=9bQqAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA7610 . Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft . Google Books . 2021-09-01 . 2021-09-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210901001011/https://books.google.com/books?id=9bQqAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA7610 . live .
42. Book: van Oostveen . Giesela . Kloek . Els . Teeuwen . Nicole . Huisman . Marijke . Women of the golden age : an international debate on women in seventeenth-century Holland, England and Italy . 1994 . Verloren . Hilversum . 978-90-6550-383-1 . 56–57 . https://books.google.com/books?id=RWoBlO6NVi4C&pg=PA56 . It takes all sorts to make a world. Sex and gender in Bredero's Farce of the Miller . 2021-09-04 . 2021-09-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210904205245/https://books.google.com/books?id=RWoBlO6NVi4C&pg=PA56 . live .
43. Web site: Ebba Brahe . Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon . 1 September 2021 . 27 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210927131934/https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=18040 . live .
44. Book: Julian . John . A Dictionary of Hymnology, Setting Forth the Origin and History of Christian Hymns of All Ages and Nations . 1908 . John Murray, Albemarle Street . London . 387 . rev. . https://books.google.com/books?id=5sRNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA387 . Franck, Michael . Google Books . 2021-08-31 . 2021-08-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210831214100/https://books.google.com/books?id=5sRNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA387 . live .
45. Book: Farquhar . Maria . Wornum . Ralph N. . Biographical catalogue of the principal Italian painters with a tale of the contemporary schools of Italy designed as a hand-book to the picture gallery . 1855 . John Murray, Albemarle Street . London . 106 . Google Books . 2021-09-05 . 2021-09-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210905215602/https://books.google.com/books?id=2WsBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA106 . live .
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56. Web site: Caroline Herschel Biography, Discoveries, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 22 January 2020 . en.
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62. Chesney, Francis Rawdon . Stanley . Lane-Poole. 10.
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65. Book: Index of obituary notices for the year 1881 . 1882 . The Index Society . London . 13 . . 2021-09-26 . 2021-09-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210926002718/https://books.google.com/books?id=hJEIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA13 . live .
66. Book: Cansick . Frederick Teague . A Collection of Curious and Interesting Epitaphs: Copied from the Monuments of Distinguished and Noted Characters in the Ancient Church and Burial Grounds of Saint Pancras, Middlesex . 1872 . J.Russell Smith . London . 131 . Google Books . 2021-09-08 . 2021-09-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908000401/https://books.google.com/books?id=h7UEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA131 . live .
67. Book: Haines, Catharine M. C.. International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. Santa Barbara. ABC-CLIO. 2001. 978-1-57607-090-1. 10.
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70. Revue d'artillerie . March 1899 . Berger-Levrault & Co. . Paris . 53 . 6 . 582–584 . Nécrologie Le Général de Devision de Grimaudet, Comte de Rochebouët . 3 October 2021 . fr . Google Books.
71. Obituary Notice: Enrico Tamberlik . The Musical Times . 1 April 1889 . 30 . 554 . 219 . Google Books.
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75. Book: Mayeur . Jean Marie . Corbin . Alain . Schweitz . Arlette . Les immortels du Sénat, 1875–1918: les cent seize inamovibles de la Troisième République . 1995 . Publications de la Sorbonne . 978-2-85944-273-6 . 418 . https://books.google.com/books?id=5zkliher7YAC&pg=PA418 . 9 October 2021 . fr . MARCÈRE Émile Deshayes de 1828-1918 . 10 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010000025/https://books.google.com/books?id=5zkliher7YAC&pg=PA418 . live .
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77. Book: Millard . Bailey . History of the San Francisco Bay Region: History and Biography . 1924 . American Historical Society . Chicago . 3 . 312–317 . https://books.google.com/books?id=rbQzAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA312 . 10 October 2021 . Andrew Smith Hallidie . Google Books.
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81. Book: Jankowsky . K.R. . Brown . Keith . Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics . 24 November 2005 . Elsevier . 978-0-08-054784-8 . . 2nd . https://books.google.com/books?id=cxYGQfiD_1oC&pg=PT7352 . 7 October 2021 . Gabelentz, H. Georg Conon von der (1840–1893) . Google Books.
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83. Book: Lyman, Darryl. Great African-American Women. New York. J David. 2005. 978-0-8246-0459-2. 279.
84. Book: Roszkowski . Wojciech . Roszkowski . Wojciech . Kofman . Jan . Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century . 2015 . Routledge . 978-1-317-47594-1 . 86 . https://books.google.com/books?id=_HGlDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 . BIELINIS Jurgis . 2021-10-07 . 2021-10-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211007234546/https://books.google.com/books?id=_HGlDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 . live .
85. Web site: Axel Heiberg . Store norske leksikon . 10 October 2021 . no . 10 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010213909/https://snl.no/Axel_Heiberg . live .
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87. Chung . K. T. . Ferris . D. H. . Martinus Willem Beijerinck (1851–1931): Pioneer of General Microbiology . ASM News . 1996 . 62 . 10 . 539––543 . . Washington, D.C. . 17 October 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120425032029/http://asm.org/ccLibraryFiles/FILENAME/0000000251/621096p539.pdf . 25 April 2012 . dead .
88. Book: Gilman . Daniel Coit . Peck . Harry Thurston . Colby . Frank Moore . The New International Encyclopaedia . 1906 . Dodd, Mead & Co. . New York . 246 . https://books.google.com/books?id=RTorAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA245 . 10 October 2021 . NAPOLEON, Eugène Louis Jean Joseph.
89. Book: Who's who: An Annual Biographical Dictionary . 1903 . Adam & Charles Black . London . 460 . https://books.google.com/books?id=vjsJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA460 . 10 October 2021 . FIRTH, Charles Harding . 10 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010215808/https://books.google.com/books?id=vjsJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA460 . live .
90. Ivan . Roots . Firth, Sir Charles Harding (1857–1936) . 2004 . 33137 .
91. Book: Radovsky . M. . Yankovsky . G. . Alexander Popov Inventor of Radio . 2001 . University Press of the Pacific . Honolulu, Hawaii . 978-0-89875-307-3 . 5 . https://books.google.com/books?id=rZZTUZbjYJsC&pg=PA5 . From childhood to university.
92. Book: A Dictionary of Scientists . 1999 . Oxford University Press . Oxford . 978-0-19-280086-2 . 433 . https://books.google.com/books?id=AtngooiwXikC&pg=PA433 . Popov, Aleksandr Stepanovich . 2021-10-13 . 2022-04-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220415181651/https://books.google.com/books?id=AtngooiwXikC&pg=PA433 . live .
93. Book: Eisenbath . Mike . The Cardinals Encyclopedia . 1999 . Temple University Press . Philadelphia . 978-1-56639-703-2 . 367 . https://books.google.com/books?id=hymGG28xYcoC&pg=PA367 . Donovan, Patsy.
94. Book: Vierhaus . Rudolf . Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie . 2005 . Walter de Gruyter . 978-3-11-094656-7 . 2 . 328 . 2nd . https://books.google.com/books?id=fB9-1XYo8PQC&pg=PA238 . de . Burmester, Willy.
95. Book: Mallon . Bill . The 1900 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary . 2009 . McFarland . 978-0-7864-8952-7 . 276 .
96. Web site: Léo-Ernest Ouimet (1877-1972) . . 17 October 2021 . 23 July 2020 . 17 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211117141334/https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/clmhc-hsmbc/res/information-backgrounder/LeoErnestOuimet . live .
97. Book: Saints: Inspiration and Guidance for Every Day of the Year . 2021 . Weldon Owen . 978-1-68188-748-7 . 96 . 2021-10-08 . 2021-10-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211008040259/https://books.google.com/books?id=4YI_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA96 . live .
98. Web site: Paul Jouve (French, 1880–1973) . Artnet . 17 October 2021 . 17 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211017010310/http://www.artnet.com/artists/paul-jouve/ . live .
99. Book: Julie Anne. Sadie. Rhian. Samuel. The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers. London. Macmillan. 1996. 143. 978-0-333-51598-3.
100. Web site: Jim Lightbody . Olympedia . 10 September 2021 . 12 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210712203127/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/78697 . live .
101. Book: Adelaide, Debra. Australian Women Writers: A Bibliographic Guide. London. Pandora. 1986. 3. 978-0-86358-148-9.
102. Book: Bostrom . Kathleen Long . Winning Authors: Profiles of the Newbery Medalists . 2003 . Libraries Unlimited . Westport, Connecticut . 978-1-56308-877-3 . 22 . https://books.google.com/books?id=PtjKpgdZS00C&pg=PA22 . 1929: Eric P. Kelly.
103. Book: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani . 1966 . 8 . 20 October 2021 . it-IT . Benvenuti, Giacomo . 26 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034631/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giacomo-benvenuti_(Dizionario-Biografico) . live .
104. Web site: Herbert Lindström . Olympedia . 20 October 2021 . 21 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211021110435/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/18135 . live .
105. Roper . Clyde F. E. . S. Stillman Berry (1887-1984): A tribute through glimpses and reflections . American Malacological Bulletin . 1984 . 3 . 1 . 55–61 . 21 October 2021 . Internet Archive.
106. Book: Mallon . Bill . Buchanan . Ian . The 1908 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary . 2015 . McFarland . 978-1-4766-0952-2 . 473 . https://books.google.com/books?id=vYEwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA473 . South Africa . 2021-10-23 . 2021-10-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023013944/https://books.google.com/books?id=vYEwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA473 . live .
107. Book: Luebering . J. E. . The Literature of Spain and Latin America . 2011 . The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc . New York . 978-1-61530-105-8 . 291 . https://books.google.com/books?id=s5aOYNbkA0sC&pg=PA291 . César Vallejo . 2021-11-17 . 2021-11-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211117005718/https://books.google.com/books?id=s5aOYNbkA0sC&pg=PA291 . live .
108. Book: Perrot, Michelle . Kritzman . Lawrence D. . Reilly . Brian J. . DeBevoise . M. B. . The Columbia History of Twentieth-century French Thought . 2006 . Columbia University Press . New York . 978-0-231-10790-7 . 562 . https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA562 . Camille-Ernest Labrousse . 2021-10-20 . 2021-10-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211020231746/https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA562 . live .
109. Book: Slide, Anthony. Silent Players: A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses. University Press of Kentucky. February 1, 2010. Conrad Nagel . . 978-0-8131-3745-2.
110. Book: Howes . Durward . America's Young Men . 1938 . Richard Blank Publishing Company . 292 .
111. News: Cyril Hume dies; wrote for films; did 'Great Gatsby' script in 1949--also a novelist . 17 October 2021 . . March 28, 1966 . limited . 4 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211104202503/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/03/28/283355602.html?pageNumber=33 . live .
112. Web site: MACEDONIA: HISTORY AND NEWS FROM MSI. 2009-01-01. Macedonian Scientific Institute. bg. https://web.archive.org/web/20090101041043/http://www.macedonia-science.org/page.php?51. January 1, 2009. 2017-10-24.
113. Web site: Buddy Myer Stats . Baseball Reference . 8 April 2024 . 22 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220622103012/https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/myerbu01.shtml . live .
114. News: Mullan . Michael . Francisco Ayala obituary . 5 September 2021 . . 4 November 2009 . en . 13 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180113202944/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/04/francisco-ayala-obituary . live .
115. Web site: Maurice Turnbull profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos . . 5 September 2021 . 27 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211027000934/https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/maurice-turnbull-21614 . live .
116. Web site: Lloyd Waner Stats . Baseball Reference . 8 April 2024 . 4 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220104223329/https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/wanerll01.shtml . live .
117. Book: Flower . John . Historical dictionary of French literature . 2013 . Scarecrow Press . Lanham, Md. . 978-0-8108-7945-4 . 163 . https://books.google.com/books?id=Kd6tAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 . Daumal, René (1908–1944) . 2021-10-02 . 2021-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211002153455/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kd6tAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 . live .
118. News: Robert Rossen Is Dead at 57; Maker of Films for 30 Years; Writer-Director-Producer Won International Fame for Trenchant Realism . 24 October 2021 . The New York Times . February 19, 1966 . 27 . limited . 4 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211104202503/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/02/19/79292897.html?pageNumber=27 . live .
119. Book: The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Colin Larkin. Guinness Publishing. 1992. First. 0-85112-939-0. 2050.
120. News: Weber . Bruce . Pierre Harmel, Belgian Who Helped Reshape NATO, Dies at 98 . 25 October 2021 . . 18 November 2009 . limited . 25 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025172209/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/18/world/europe/18harmel.html . live .
121. Web site: Famous birthdays for March 16: Isabelle Huppert, Flavor Flav . . 15 March 2024 . 15 March 2023 . 9 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230609004328/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2023/03/16/Famous-birthdays-for-March-16-Isabelle-Huppert-Flavor-Flav/3021678923265/ . live .
122. News: Pat Nixon, Former First Lady, Dies at 81 . 24 October 2021 . . 23 June 1993 . 22 . limited . 24 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211024010049/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/23/obituaries/pat-nixon-former-first-lady-dies-at-81.html . live .
123. Spencer . Donald C. . Kunihiko Kodaira (1915–1997) . . March 1998 . 45 . 3 . 388–9 . 2021-10-26 . 2022-02-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220223055632/https://www.ams.org/notices/199803/comm-obit-spencer.pdf . live .
124. News: . Mercedes McCambridge, 87, Actress Known for Strong Roles . 24 October 2021 . The New York Times . 18 March 2004 . limited . 7 January 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200107150223/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/18/arts/mercedes-mccambridge-87-actress-known-for-strong-roles.html . live .
125. Web site: Laure Pillay : la première femme juge fête ses 100 ans . Laure Pillay: the first female judge celebrates her 100th birthday . March 26, 2017 . August 24, 2018 . August 25, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180825003049/https://defimedia.info/laure-pillay-la-premiere-femme-juge-fete-ses-100-ans . live .
126. News: Wilford . John Noble . Frederick Reines Dies at 80; Nobelist Discovered Neutrino . 24 October 2021 . . 28 August 1998 . limited . 10 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190410021746/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/28/us/frederick-reines-dies-at-80-nobelist-discovered-neutrino.html . live .
127. News: Fox . Margalit . Sid Fleischman, Children's Author, Dies at 90 . 19 October 2021 . The New York Times . 24 March 2010 . limited . 7 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190607004331/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/25/books/25fleischman.html . live .
128. Web site: HARDING LEMAY Obituary . The New York Times . 10 November 2021 . July 4, 2018 . . 11 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211111002800/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/harding-lemay-obituary?n=harding-lemay&pid=189459316 . live .
129. News: Heinz Wallberg, chef d'orchestre allemand . 6 November 2021 . . 2 October 2004 . fr . 6 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211106234714/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2004/10/02/heinz-wallberg-chef-d-orchestre-allemand_381530_1819218.html . live .
130. Book: Kaplan . Mike . Variety International Show Business Reference, 1983 . 1983 . Garland Pub. . 978-0-8240-9089-0 . 41 . 12 October 2021 . en . 17 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220417183549/https://books.google.com/books?id=i_RLAAAAYAAJ&q=Cornell+Borchers+16+1925 . live .
131. News: Schröder . Christian . Die Nachkriegsdiva . 12 October 2021 . . 19 May 2014 . de-DE . 29 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211029183235/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/zum-tod-von-cornell-borchers-die-nachkriegsdiva/9909832.html . live .
132. News: Kisselgoff . Anna . Mary Hinkson, a star for Martha Graham, dies at 89 . 11 October 2021 . . 29 November 2014 . 29 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211029185639/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/30/arts/dance/-mary-hinkson-a-star-for-martha-graham-dies-at-89.html . live .
133. News: Kehr . Dave . Jerry Lewis, a Jester Both Silly and Stormy, Dies at 91 . 24 October 2021 . The New York Times . 20 August 2017 . limited . 27 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190627232519/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/movies/jerry-lewis-dead-celebrated-comedian-and-filmmaker.html . live .
134. Book: Burgess . Colin . Hall . Rex . The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives, Legacy, and Historical Impact . 2009 . Springer . Berlin . 978-0-387-84823-5 . 52 . 2008935694.
135. News: Millington . Barry . Christa Ludwig obituary . The Guardian . 26 April 2021 . 26 October 2021.
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137. Book: Bock . Hans-Michael . Bergfelder . Tim . The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema . 2009 . Berghahn Books . 978-0-85745-565-9 . 476 . https://books.google.com/books?id=z7gFT_Duq1cC&pg=PA476 . Nadja Tiller.
138. Web site: Berg . Chuck . Tommy Flanagan Dies at 71 . . 24 October 2021 . November 23, 2001 . subscription . 24 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211024203150/https://jazztimes.com/archives/tommy-flanagan-dies-at-71/ . live .
139. News: Ratliff . Ben . Tommy Flanagan, Elegant Jazz Pianist, Is Dead at 71 . 24 October 2021 . . 19 November 2001 . limited . 15 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230715075912/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/19/arts/tommy-flanagan-elegant-jazz-pianist-is-dead-at-71.html . live .
140. Book: Randel . Don Michael . The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music . 1996 . Harvard University Press . Cambridge, Massachusetts . 978-0-674-37299-3 . https://books.google.com/books?id=jEGpMqRcQjIC&pg=PA588 . 588 . Miki, Minoru . 2021-10-24 . 2021-10-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211024195252/https://books.google.com/books?id=jEGpMqRcQjIC&pg=PA588 . live .
141. News: http://www.47news.jp/CN/201112/CN2011120801001501.html . ja:作曲家の三木稔さんが死去 オペラや現代邦楽 . 47news.jp . 8 December 2011 . 2011-12-09 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111221012606/http://www.47news.jp/CN/201112/CN2011120801001501.html . 2011-12-21 .
142. Book: Eisenbath . Mike . The Cardinals Encyclopedia . 1999 . Temple University Press . 978-1-56639-703-2 . 136 . https://books.google.com/books?id=hymGG28xYcoC&pg=PA136 . Blasingame, Don Lee . 2021-09-08 . 2021-09-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908220106/https://books.google.com/books?id=hymGG28xYcoC&pg=PA136 . live .
143. News: . Don Blasingame, 73; Major Leaguer Later Managed Teams in Japan . 8 September 2021 . Los Angeles Times . 15 April 2005 . 8 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908220104/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-apr-15-me-passings15.2-story.html . live .
144. Web site: Biographical Data: Walter Cunningham NASA ASTRONAUT (FORMER). October 24, 2021. NASA. July 2014. August 7, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190807142427/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/cunningham_walter.pdf. live.
145. Book: Hagestedt . Lutz . Deeg - Dürrenfeld . 6 . 10 November 2011 . Walter de Gruyter . 978-3-11-096110-2 . 212 . https://books.google.com/books?id=LTVy1N0ryQAC&pg=PA2000-IA15 . de . Diemberger, Kurt . 25 October 2021 . 25 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160608/https://books.google.com/books?id=LTVy1N0ryQAC&pg=PA2000-IA15 . live .
146. Web site: Herbert Marx . National Assembly of Québec . 25 October 2021 . fr . 25 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160546/http://www.assnat.qc.ca/en/deputes/marx-herbert-4377/biographie.html . live .
147. Web site: Jean Cournoyer . National Assembly of Québec . 25 October 2021 . fr . 25 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160434/http://www.assnat.qc.ca/en/deputes/cournoyer-jean-2695/biographie.html . live .
148. Web site: Howard Schnellenberger, College Coach Who Built Winners, Dies at 87. Goldstein. Richard. The New York Times. March 27, 2021. March 25, 2021. March 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210327203350/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/27/sports/football/howard-schnellenberger-dead.html. live.
149. News: Molena . Luis . Semblanza de un hombre noble de toros. Pepe, por cacerinas . 26 October 2021 . . es . 26 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211026013735/https://www.lapatria.com/especiales/papel-salmon/toreros/semblanza-de-un-hombre-noble-de-toros-pepe-por-cacerinas-325558 . live .
150. Web site: Profile Yvon Côté, M.P. . Library of Parliament . 7 November 2021 . 7 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211107143143/https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=12250 . live .
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152. Book: Fischler . Stan . Detroit Red Wings: Greatest Moments and Players . 7 November 2017 . Simon and Schuster . 978-1-68358-159-8 . . https://books.google.com/books?id=BzKCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT324 . 31 Roger Allan Crozier . 24 October 2021 . 24 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211024203720/https://books.google.com/books?id=BzKCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT324 . live .
153. Web site: 2024-06-02 . Componist en dirigent Harry van Hoof (81) overleden . NOS . nl.
154. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for March 16, 2023 includes celebrities Alexandra Daddario, Flavor Flav . . . 15 March 2024 . 16 March 2023 . 15 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240315060404/https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2023/03/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-march-16-2023-includes-celebrities-alexandra-daddario-flavor-flav.html . live .
155. Web site: Colin Ireland . Crime+Investigation UK . 24 October 2021 . 30 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190930151814/https://www.crimeandinvestigation.co.uk/crime-files/colin-ireland . live .
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158. Web site: John Hemming . Politics.co.uk . 5 September 2021 . 5 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210905014400/https://www.politics.co.uk/reference/john-hemming/ . live .
159. Web site: Sergei Bazarevich . . 15 March 2024 . 15 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240315060403/https://www.nba.com/stats/player/76128/career . live .
160. Book: Defcon. Max Dax mit Robert. Scooter always hardcore. 2013. Edel Books. Hamburg. 978-3-8419-0243-6. 138. 1. Aufl..
161. Web site: Chrissy REDDEN - Olympic Cycling Mountain Bike Canada . International Olympic Committee . 14 January 2020 . en . 22 June 2016 . 6 October 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161006110122/https://www.olympic.org/chrissy-redden . live .
162. Web site: Greg Johnson . . 15 March 2024 . 2 February 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160202153425/http://www.nhl.com/ice/player.htm?id=8456734 . live .
163. Web site: Kim Johnsson . . 15 March 2024 . 15 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240315060403/https://www.nhl.com/player/kim-johnsson-8460770 . live .
164. Web site: Tyler Arnason . . 15 March 2024 . 15 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240315060405/https://www.nhl.com/player/tyler-arnason-8467483 . live .
165. Web site: Hee-Seop Choi . . 15 March 2024 . 15 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240315060403/https://www.mlb.com/player/hee-seop-choi-400292 . live .
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167. Web site: Jhené Aiko Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More . 2024-03-10 . AllMusic . en . 2024-03-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310044016/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jhen%C3%A9-aiko-mn0002739175 . live .
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174. Roiz . Jessica . Camilo's Most-Watched Music Videos: 'Tutu,' 'Vida de Rico' & More . Billboard . March 15, 2024 . March 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240315174041/https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/camilo-music-videos-most-watched-1235044729/ . live .
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179. Web site: Tyrel Jackson Williams – "Leo" – Lab Rats. Disney XD Medianet. https://web.archive.org/web/20130525120804/http://www.disneyxdmedianet.com/web/showpage/showpage.aspx?program_id=900092&type=williams. May 25, 2013 .
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