1446 Explained
Year 1446 (MCDXLVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January - December
- March 6 - The Battle of Ragaz marks the last military conflict of the Old Zurich War between the Swiss Confederacy and the Habsburgs. 1,200 Confederates defeat the Austrian army, commanded by Hans von Rechberg and Wolfhard V. von Brandis, the Habsburg bailiff of Feldkirch. Among other things, the banners of the lords of Brandis are lost to the confederates and later transferred to the church in Sarnen. According to contemporary accounts, around 900 men from the Habsburg army and around 100 men from the Swiss army fell in the battle.[1]
- June 6 - John Hunyadi is proclaimed regent, bestowing the title "governor" upon him. His election was primarily promoted by the lesser nobility, but Hunyadi had by that time become one of the richest barons of the kingdom. His domains covered an area exceeding 800,000 hectares (2,000,000 acres).[2] Hunyadi was one of the few contemporaneous barons who spent a significant part of their revenues to finance the wars against the Ottomans, thus bearing a large share of the cost of fighting for many years.[3]
- June 12 - An armistice between Duchy of Austria and the Swiss Confederation comes into force.[4]
- June 21 - Lidköping gets its charter, and thus qualifies as one of the now defunct Cities of Sweden.
- August - Christopher of Bavaria undertakes a fruitless military campaign against Gotland to end Eric of Pomerania's piracy.[5] [6]
- August 24 - After many years of fruitless negotiations between Christopher of Bavaria and Eric of Pomerania, a Swedish war march to Gotland is launched in the early summer of 1446. King Christopher comes with a force to the island and on an open field in Västergarn with crossbowmen at gunpoint behind each monarch's back; regular peace negotiations take place.[7] [8]
- September 27 - Battle of Otonetë: Skanderbeg defeats the Ottomans.[9] [10]
- Before October - Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire is forced to abdicate, in favor of his father Murad II, by the Janissaries.[11]
- October 9 - The hangul alphabet is proclaimed in Korea, by King Sejong the Great. The Hunmin Jeongeum, published during the year, is considered the start of this brand new scientific writing system.[12]
- October - Murad II invades Attica, forcing Constantine XI to return Thebes to the duchy of Athens,[13] and remove the tribute imposed in 1444. Murad II imposes his own tribute.
- December 10 - After hesitating for several weeks, Sultan Murad II, of the Ottoman Empire, destroys the Hexamilion wall, in an assault that includes cannons. Murad and the Ottoman governor of Thessaly, Turakhan Beg, ravage the Peloponnese Peninsula at will, with the Sultan devastating the northern shore, while Glarentza and Turakhan raid in the interior. The Despotate of the Morea is turned into an Ottoman vassal state.
Date unknown
Births
Deaths
Notes and References
- Peter Niederhäuser, Christian Sieber: Ein «Bruderkrieg» macht Geschichte 2006
- Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. ISBN 973-9432-18-2, 127-128.
- Makkai, László (1994). "The Three Nations of Transylvania (1360–1526)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 178–243. ISBN 963-05-6703-2.
- Peter Niederhäuser, Christian Sieber: Ein «Bruderkrieg» macht Geschichte 2006
- http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=2811, read on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)
- https://runeberg.org/nfbp/0215.html
- http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=2811, read on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)
- Web site: Erik av Pommern. Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. 1 June 2018.
- Book: Albanische Forschungen. 1964. O. Harrassowitz. 978-3-87828-106-1. 110. de.
- Francione, Gennaro (2006) [2003]. Aliaj, Donika (ed.). Skënderbeu, një hero modern : (Hero multimedial) [Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)] (in Albanian). Translated by Tasim Aliaj. Tiranë, Albania: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri". ISBN 99927-38-75-8.
- Erhan Afyoncu, (2009), Truvanın İntikamı (ISBN 978-605-4052-11-0), p. 2, (In Turkish)
- https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/10/archives/abc-isnt-simple-as-abc-in-korea-alphabet-on-525th-birthday-both.html "A.B.C. Isn't Simple as A.B.C. in Korea— Alphabet on 525th Birthday, Both Hailed and Assailed"
- Nicol, Donald M. (1992). The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-58369-8.
- Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique or Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné. [Trans. 1896–99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, London: Halykut]
- Teixeira da Mota, Avelino (1946) "A descoberta da Guiné", Boletim cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, Vol. 1. Part 1 in No. 1 (Jan), p. 11-68, Pt. 2 in No. 2 (Apr), p. 273-326; Pt. 3 in No. 3 (Jul), p. 457-509.
- Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd, 174.
- Block, Wolfgang (1913). Die condottieri. Berlin.
- Samuel, Mark; Hamlyn, Kate (2007). Blarney Castle: Its History, Development and Purpose. Cork University. ISBN 978-1-85918-411-0.
- Book: Yvonne Bleyerveld. Lamot (Mechelen, Belgium). Women of Distinction: Margaret of York, Margaret of Austria. 2005. Brepols Publishers. 978-90-5826-342-1. 24.
- Book: Sir John Wyndham Pope-Hennessy. Italian Renaissance Sculpture. 1986. Phaidon. 978-0-7148-2416-1. 147.